WWII

an explosion at the Oakland Port in which 320 servicemen died, 200 of whom were black.

The court martial of 50 black servicemen for disobeying orders. The men had argued that racism in association with unsafe methods of loading ammunition on to transports at the Oakland terminal had been the cause of the explosion. When these men, many of whom had been decorated for bravery the result of actions they took during the original explosion refused to continue to load ammunition under the same conditions that had caused the original explosion, they received dishonorable discharges.

In 1994 the Navy upheld the original court martial decision.

All of the above

because Russian war casualties were enormous, by the end of the war 20 million Russians will have died.

because Stalin did not want to send his troops to North Africa where the U.S. and British began their joint offensive against Germany.

Because Russian was trying to fighting 80% of the German military while the U.S. and Britain were fighting only 20%, and if a second front were opened in Northern Europe it would force Germany to switch its’ troops from the eastern front to a western front.

Stalin supported the Italian campaign

A and C

True

False

twice

four times larger

ten times larger

twenty times larger

Germany

Italy

China

The U.S.

England

force Hitler to transfer troops from the Eastern to the Western Front and thereby lessen the pressure on the Red armies who up to that point were faced with 80% of the German military.

assist the British army in North Africa and protect British control of the Suez Canal.

liberate Italy as soon as possible so that American troops would be free to turn to the war in the Pacific.

force Japan to transfer troops and thereby lessen pressure on the American army.

B and C

National Security Council Tribunal that arranged for German rocket scientist Werner Von Bruan to immigrate to the U.S. and work for the U.S. Defense Department.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Trials.

The Nuremberg Trials.

The United Nations Trials

The Order was issued by Roosevelt in response to A. Philip Randolph, the President of the Sleeping Car Porters Union, having threatened a “March on Washington” unless such an order were issued.

The Order was issued by Roosevelt when during World War II, Joe Lewis, the heavy weight boxing camp, refused to continue recruiting for the Armed Services. Joe Lewis had been informed by the NAACP that blacks could not become officers in the Navy and that the War Department had ordered the American Red Cross to segregate black and white blood plasma.

The Order was among the first examples since Reconstruction of the federal governments’ acknowledgement of the economic aspects of bigotry which set the stage for federal activism in regards the modern civil rights movement after the war.

Executive Order 8802 allowed for the internment of individuals who were deemed a security threat to the U.S. during World War II.

A, B and C are true.

Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia

German occupation of the Rhineland

German seizure of Czechoslovakia.

German invasion of the Soviet Union.

resulted in the internment of over 112,000 people more than half of whom were legal U.S. citizens, whose total lose of property has never been recouped. The internment also led to an agricultural labor shortage especially in California, which in turn led to the “Bracero Program” wherein the US government recruited Mexican labor in Mexico to replace the Japanese. This program did not end until 1968.

resulted in a recruitment drive from the internment camps and Hawaii that generated the most decorated U.S. combat unit to serve in the European Theater of the war.

did not happen in Hawaii where there was evidence of espionage and where the population of Japanese was higher than in California, but where the Navy objected to the internment because the Navy was afraid of a “labor shortage.”

was almost delayed at the request of California’s governor, Cuthbert Olson, who had been asked by the California Growers and Shippers to delay the internment until after that seasons harvest. However, the internment went into effect soon after it was issued and was implemented by the then Attorney General, Earl Warren.

all of the above are true statements.

racism

security

for the purpose of confiscating land

patriotism

Japan continued to "allow" the U.S. trade with China but excluded France and England.

The U.S depended on Asia, primarily China, for 50% of all its' raw material.

Japan depended on the U.S. for the majority of its oil and steel. Historians believe that the U.S. was allowed to continue trade within Japanese controlled China because Japan was afraid that the U.S. would stop trade which Japan depended on to wage its' continued war in Asia.

All of the above.

were imposed on the belligerents, Italy and Ethiopia. Because Ethiopia had no industrial base and Italy did, the first Neutrality Act, which covered munitions only, had the effect of being an assistance to Italy in their conquest of Ethiopia. The U.S. continued trade in oil and steel which Italy needed to manufacture arms, whereas Ethiopia, who had no munitions factories, needed the finished arms not oil and steel.

evolved from an attempt to keep the U.S. from becoming commercially entangled in foreign wars into a method that would allow the U.S. to continue trade with warring nations if those nations carried the munitions on their own ships, without U.S. civilians as passengers, and if those warring nations paid for their war material in cash.

the Neutrality Acts were not employed in Asia and as a result Roosevelt was able to monetarily assist China in its' attempt to stop Japan from militarily occupying it. However the majority of the money the U.S. government gave to the Nationalist Chinese went to fight the Chinese Communists not the Japanese.

A and B

All of the first three

African American and Japanese American

Japanese American and German American

African American and German American

Italian American and German American

That whichever nation had the greatest navy would dominate the world after the war.

That atomic weapons were the weapon of the future.

That the advent of the “air war” will change the nature of war and of national security

the Ludlow Agreement

Roosevelt’s “Quarantine the Aggressors” speech

The Nye Committee hearings

The St. Louis incident

25%

40%

60%

75%

True

False

True

False

a march on Washington D.C.

the Congress of Racial Equality

the NAACP

the Equal Opportunity Commission