Ruminant Med Exam 1

1.

1 point

The PREFERRED treatment for pasture bloat is:

Antacids (e.g. MgOH)

Mineral oil

Oral admin of ionic surfactant (e.g. Therabloat - poloxalene)

2.

1 point

The "apple" part of a "papple" shaped cow is due to:

Ventral abdominal distension on L side of cow (bloat)

Ventral abdominal distension on R side of cow (bloat)

Dorsal abdominal distension on R side of cow (bloat)

Dorsal abdominal distension on L side of cow (bloat)

3.

1 point

You can use poloxalene in block/lick form to try to help prevent bloat

True

False

4.

1 point

Once ruminal pH drops below 5.0, what type of bacteria die and what do they release when they do so?

Gram negative bacteria, endotoxin

Clostridium spp, botulinum toxin

Strep bovis, cytokines

Lactobacillus, lactic acid

5.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate treatment for rumen acidosis cases?

Magnesium hydroxide (Carmilax)

Rumenotomy

Sodium bicarb drench

Vinegar drench

6.

1 point

You attempt to pass a stomach tube on a bloat case but the tube will not pass. You know you have a _____ type of bloat.

Primary

Choke (type of secondary)

Seconday

7.

1 point

You pass a stomach tube on a bloat case and the tube passes easily and bloat quickly resolves. You know you have a _____ type of bloat.

Choke (type of secondary)

Secondary

Primary

8.

1 point

What does the bloat line indicate to a pathologist and where is it found?

Post-mortem bloat occurred; esophagus

Pre-mortem bloat occurred; rumenoreticular junction

Pre-mortem bloat occurred; esophagus

Post-mortem bloat occurred; rumenoreticular junction

9.

1 point

The most common cause of transient diarrhea in ruminants is:

BVD

Simple indigestion

Bloat (ruminal tympany)

Rumen acidosis

10.

1 point

You pass a stomach tube on a bloat case and the tube passes easily but the bloat does not resolve. You know you have a _____ type of bloat.

Choke (type of secondary)

Secondary

Primary

11.

1 point

The cow will be distended where with typical bloat (ruminal tympany)?

L side, dorsally

L side, ventrally

R side, dorsally

R side, ventrally

12.

1 point

Which is NOT a disadvantage of obtaining rumen fluid samples via rumenocentesis?

May need sedation

Sample could be contaminated with saliva

Only get small sample

Risk to vet

13.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT something you might find on a rumen fluid analysis of an acute rumen acidosis case?

Watery, sour smelling fluid with grain in it

Increased number of protozoa

Increased number of Gram positive bacteria

pH < 5.5 if acute

14.

1 point

If you suspect Hardware's disease, which of the following is likely the MOST important thing you'd want to do to confirm your suspicion?

Take a reticular radiograph to look for the FB

Do an abdominocentesis - if there are no neutrophils in the sample your suspicion is confirmed

Test total protein - if increased your suspicion is confirmed

Test total protein - if decreased your suspicion is confirmed

15.

1 point

Classic rumen acidosis typically occur when:

Oats are used as the primary grain

Ruminant accidentally gorges on grain

Ruminants are suddenly introduced to new forage

Grain is added slowly to diet

16.

1 point

In caval syndrome, a thrombus develops in the caudal vena cava which then sheds emboli which seed the kidneys

True

False

17.

1 point

Which of the following is considered a "last resort" in treating bloat and why?

Stab rumen with a knife; risk of peritonitis

Temporary rumen fistula; needs to be closed later

Indwelling rumen trochar; risk of getting caught on fence

18.

1 point

Which of the following is the LEAST likely to cause rumen acidosis?

Wheat

Corn

Oats

Barley

19.

1 point

The prognosis for long-term survival of Hardware's disease is usually good

True

False

20.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a cause of secondary bloat?

Impaired reticular motility (tetanus, hypocalcemia, etc)

Hardware's disease Hardware's disease

Admin of xylazine

Outflow obstruction of upper GIT

Ventral recumbency

21.

1 point

Why would you use ionophores to prevent rumen acidosis?

Kill Strep bovis

Inhibit Clostridial spp.

Inhibit lactate producing bacteria

Inhibit rumen protozoa

22.

1 point

There are 3 types of protozoa in the rumen (small, med & large) and the large should be the most numerous per field.

True

False

23.

1 point

Why is rumenoreticualr motility impaired with Hardware's disease?

The reticulum undergoes necrosis due to the sharp FB and can no longer contract

Local peritonitis around the reticulum decreases it's contractions, and therefore rumen contractions decrease

There's a sharp object poking out of the reticulum and it hurts for it to contract, so it doesn't

24.

1 point

Hardware's disease occurs when a FB (nail, wire) penetrates the reticulum and results in leakage of it's contents into the abdomen

True

False

25.

1 point

Which of these IS metabolized by liver to pyruvate?

L-lactate

D-lactate

26.

1 point

TMR's (total mixed rations) tend to cause a high incidence of rumen acidosis because the hay, vitamins, minerals, etc are all mixed and fed as 1 diet

True

False

27.

1 point

What two things accumulate when the ability of the buffer acid in the rumen is overwhelmed (@ pH < 5)?

CO2 & methane

Urea & amino acids

Lactate & glucose

28.

1 point

Which of the following is a cheap and easy way to determine if they have a reticular magnet already before administering another one?

Pass a stomach tube and see if you hit the magnet

Palpate reticulum externally - should feel the magnet

Place a compass underneath reticulum, watch for movement of needle

Take a reticular radiograph

29.

1 point

Which of the following IS a clinical sign for simple indigestion?

Decreased milk production

Rumen hypermotility

Generally involves only 1 animal in the herd

Ravenous appetite

30.

1 point

If a cow dies from acute rumen acidosis, what did she most likely die from?

Anorexia

Depression

Acidemia

Rumen atony

31.

1 point

It is NOT important to remove access to grain in rumen acidosis cases because the damage is already done

True

False

32.

1 point

The methylene blue reaction test is done on rumen fluid to:

Determine amount of CO2 being produced

Determine redox potential from bacterial activity in rumen

Determine amount of Cl- coming back from abomasum

33.

1 point

Primary bloat occurs due to:

Dietary factors leading to frothy/foamy rumen contents

Physical obstruction of the cardia/esophagus or rumenoreticular dysfunction occurs

34.

1 point

What is a clinical finding that could indicate subacute chronic rumen acidosis in a dairy herd?

High globulins

High milk fat

Low globulins

Low milk fat

35.

1 point

What are the cut-offs for abnormal rumen pH?

< 6.0 & > 8.0

< 5.5 & > 7.5

< 5.0 & > 7.5

< 5.5 & > 6.5

36.

1 point

Which of the following IS NOT a typical sequllae to rumen acidosis?

Pericarditis

Fungal/bacterial rumenitis

Caval syndrome

Liver abscess

37.

1 point

The "pear" part of a "papple" shaped cow is due to:

Ventral abdominal distension on R side of cow (abomasal distension)

Dorsal abdominal distension on L side of cow (abomasal distension)

Dorsal abdominal distension on R side of cow (abomasal distension)

Ventral abdominal distension on L side of cow (abomasal distension)

38.

1 point

Which of the following is a reason for simple indigestion to occur?

Moldy/spoiled/damaged feed

New type of feed

Too much feed/too much grain

Indigestible roughage

All of the above

39.

1 point

Feedlot bloat is a result of ingestion of high grain, low roughage diets which leads to production of:

Mucopolysaccharide (slime)

Urea

Excess CO2 & methane

40.

1 point

Pasture bloat is caused by ingestion of:

Dead grasses that can irritate the rumen

Wet grasses that stick to the inside of the rumen and can't be digested easily

Lush, rapidly growing legumes (alfalfa, clover, wheat)

41.

1 point

Small particle size, heat or pressure processing & high moisture grain can all predispose to rumen acidosis

True

False

42.

1 point

Vagal indigestion has been proven to be due to direct damage to the vagus nerve

True

False

43.

1 point

The treatment of CHOICE for feedlot bloat is:

Antacids (e.g. MgOH)

Oral admin of ionic surfactant (e.g. Therabloat - Poloxalene)

Intraruminal admin of mineral oil, followed by walking animal

44.

1 point

Rumen acidosis only occurs if the rumen is UNadapated

True

False

45.

1 point

When looking at rumen pH, if greater than 2 out of 6 cows have a pH of less than _____, you should be suspicious for subacute rumen acidosis.

6.0

7.0

4.5

5.5

46.

1 point

What is NOT an advantage to obtaining a rumen fluid sample by stomach tube?

Risk of peritonitis

Large sample

Easy to do

Minimal risk to animal

47.

1 point

In a herd outbreak of rumen acidosis, you have to triage animals and you would want to treat those that are recumbent first

True

False

48.

1 point

Secondary bloat occurs because gas (CO2 & methane) production in rumen is INCREASED

True

False

49.

1 point

In rumen acidosis, the pH of the rumen:

Increases

Decreases

50.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign of Hardware's Disease?

Exaggerated ventroflexion on "withers pinch test"

Abducted elbows

Evidence of cranial abdominal pain

Low grade fever

Ruminant Med Exam 1 - Part 1