Ruminant Med Exam 1

1.

1 point

Exposure to BVD from 60-180 days of gestation can lead to serious congenital effects. Which of the following is NOT a commonly observed effect?

Ocular defects (congenital cataracts)

Musculoskeletal disorders

Cerebellar hypoplasia

Atresia ani

2.

1 point

What are the drawbacks of fecal culture when testing for Johne's disease?

False negatives due to intermittent shedding

Results take 16 weeks

Requires special media

3.

1 point

Which of the following is a clinical sign of a calf with congenital cerebellar hypoplasia?

Opisthotonos

Hypermetria

Head tremor

Ataxia

All of the above

4.

1 point

Type 2 vagal indigestion is caused by:

Failure of eructation or free-gas bloat

Failure of omasal transport

Abomasal impaction

5.

1 point

Determining an isolate is a "non-cytopathic" strain of BVD is helpful because that tells you that it will have less strain virulence

True

False

6.

1 point

What is the main disadvantage to using a MLV for BVD?

Transient immunosuppression & viremia

Short duration of immunity

Cost

7.

1 point

What should you do for PI BVD calves?

Supportive care - fluids, antibiotics for secondary infections

Nothing - these calves usually are okay other than being a "poor-doer"

Cull immediately

8.

1 point

Which of the following two things MUST happen for the mucosal disease form of BVD to occur?

Fetus must be exposed to cytopathic strain in utero < 125 days of gestation (becomes PI)

Fetus must be exposed to non-cytopathic strain in utero < 125 days of gestation (becomes PI)

PI calf must then be exposed to similar non-cytopathic strain

PI calf must then be exposed to similar cytopathic strain

9.

1 point

BVD colonizes all of the following systems except:

Respiratory

GI

Urinary

Reproductive

10.

1 point

What is the specific treatment for BVD?

Antivirals

No specific treatment

Cull all affected animals immediately

11.

1 point

Which of the following ARE secondary complications of BVD?

Hemorrhage (petechia, ecchymoses, melena, epistaxis)

Fetal disease/defects/loss

Immunosuppression (leukopenia & lymphopenia)

All of the above

12.

1 point

Most Salmonella infections are subclinical but clinical signs often show up as a result of _____

Change of feed type

Vaccinations

Stress (transport, parturition, etc)

13.

1 point

If you see frank blood or blood clots in lumen of the small intestine at surgery, which condition is most likely?

Vagal indigestion

Bloat

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome

Simple indigestion

14.

1 point

What is the MAIN description Dr. Smith uses for the diarrhea associated with Johne's disease?

Hemorrhagic

Malodorous

Pipestream

15.

1 point

What drug type should you avoid when treating abomasal ulcers?

Steroids

Antacids

Antibiotics

NSAIDs

16.

1 point

How is BVD spread?

Aerosol

Fecal-oral

Secretions of viremic animals (nasal, oral, genital)

17.

1 point

Winter dysentery causes pretty serious clinical signs but luckily does not spread easily through the herd and and is fairly easy to control

True

False

18.

1 point

A Type 2 abomasal ulcer will likely present with no signs other than anorexia, bruxism and decr milk production

True

False

19.

1 point

What are the hallmark clinical signs of Johne's disease?

Diarrhea

Progressive weight loss

Excellent appetite

Decreased appetite

20.

1 point

Which of the following tests used to diagnose acute BVD is paired with the correct finding (finding that indicates BVD is actually present)?

PCR - positive result on a vaccinated animal

Necropsy - lymphocyte depletion in Peyer's patches and LNs along with oral erosions

Serology - 4-fold rise in Ab titer over 4 days

Virus isolation - isolated BVD from red blood cells

21.

1 point

Strain virulence for BVD is NOT dependent on genotype, but type ____ strains are often associated with outbreaks of severe, acute disease

1

2

22.

1 point

There are laws that restrict the sale/slaughter of Salmonella positive animals due to the public health implications

True

False

23.

1 point

What is the hallmark necropsy lesion of Johne's disease (paratuberculosis)?

Hemorrhagic enteritis

Thickening of ileum (granulomatous enteritis)

Diffuse pleuropneumonia

24.

1 point

Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) is caused by:

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium avium subspecies

25.

1 point

Type 4 vagal indigestion is a rare condition that most commonly occurs in late gestation due to the abomasum being forced cranially by the uterus

True

False

26.

1 point

Which drug has been shown to be the most effective H2 blocker in cattle and is used in treating calves with abomasal ulcers?

Ranitidine

Cimetidine

Famotidine

27.

1 point

Type 3 vagal indigestion is caused by:

Failure of eructation or free-gas bloat

Abomasal impaction

Failure of omasal transport

28.

1 point

Small ruminants can be affected with Johne's disease just like large ruminants, and will present with the same clinical signs

True

False

29.

1 point

The primary cause of economic loss associated with BVD results from the diarrhea

True

False

30.

1 point

What category does an abomasal ulcer that is perforating and has caused diffuse peritonitis fall into?

Type 1

Type 3

Type 4

Type 2

31.

1 point

BVD is caused by a coronavirus similar to hog cholera and border disease in sheep

True

False

32.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a means of preventing Salmonella exposure to your cattle?

Scrape lots/alleys regularly

Cover feed bunks

Use only animal & fish meal that is sterilized first

Provide access to ponds for drinking water

33.

1 point

If a seronegative cow is exposed to BVD in the first 100 days of gestation, which is the LEAST likely to occur:

Persistently infected calf

Normal, seropositive calf

Reproductive failure (resorption of fetus)

Congenital defects

34.

1 point

Perforating ulcers have a grave prognosis unless infection can be localized and treated

True

False

35.

1 point

What is the test that you can use for identifying Salmonella in a dairy herd that is not often done anymore due to low sensitivity (know for boards):

Swab teat ends

Swab freshly emptied milk tank

Culture milk filter

36.

1 point

What are the typical electrolyte changes with vagal indigestion?

Hypochloremia, hypokalemia

Hypochloremia, hyperkalemia

Hyperchloremia, hyperkalemia

Hyperchloremia, hypokalemia

37.

1 point

What is the hallmark clinical diagnostic test result of Johne's disease?

Severe hypoglobulinemia

Severe hyperproteinemia

Severe hypercalcemia

Severe hypoalbuminemia

38.

1 point

If you see this clinical sign, you should automatically start thinking BVD:

Oral erosions

Fever

Diarrhea

39.

1 point

In winter dysentery, see acute, profuse, transient diarrhea that is often dark and bloody

True

False

40.

1 point

Winter dysentery is thought to be caused by a coronavirus. This is based on all of the following bits of evidence EXCEPT:

Coronavirus Ag found in crypt cells of clinical cases

Coronavirus isolated from feces of clinical cases

Decreasing titers following infection

41.

1 point

Which of the following will you most likely NOT see in a cow with a Type 1 abomasal ulcer?

Anorexia

Bruxism

Melena

Salivation

42.

1 point

What test is currently considered the "gold standard" for Johne's disease detection?

Serology

Fecal culture

Albumin evaluation

Acid-fast stain of fresh feces

43.

1 point

Persistently infected BVD calves will likely be "poor-doers" but do not pose a threat to the rest of the herd because they do not shed virus

True

False

44.

1 point

If you see rumen hypermotility, what condition should you suspect?

Simple indigestion

Bloat (ruminal tympany)

Vagal indigestion

45.

1 point

C. perfringens Type A has been proven to be the causative agent of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in cattle

True

False

46.

1 point

Transmission of Salmonella is via:

Fecal-oral

Direct contact with secretions (nasal, ocular, etc)

Aerosol

47.

1 point

If a cow that is 4 weeks to 6 months of age has diarrhea, what is the likely cause?

Dietary origin

Coccidosis

BVD

48.

1 point

What range of gestation dates does a seronegative cow have to be exposed to BVD to produce a PI calf?

40-120 days

> 180 days

1-30 days

49.

1 point

Type 1 vagal indigestion is caused by:

Failure of eructation or free-gas bloat

Abomasal impaction

Failure of omasal transport

50.

1 point

What the 2 main sources of transmission of Johne's disease?

Aerosol

Secretions (nasal, genital, ocular)

Colostrum

Fecal-oral

Ruminant Med Exam 1 - Part 2