Ruminant Med Exam 1

1.

1 point

Which liver enzyme commonly used to evaluate rumen liver disease has a long half-life and is not specific to liver?

GGT

AST

SDH

2.

1 point

Liver abscesses are most closely linked to what other disease process?

Liver flukes

Rumenitis

Choke

Abomasal outflow obstruction

3.

1 point

Is bile acid testing useful in ruminants? Why or why not?

Yes; extremely high BA very significant and also see postprandial changes like in small animals

No; extremely high BA not significant

Yes; extremely high BA significant but don't have postprandial changes as in small animals

4.

1 point

How much of the Johnin protein do you inject when doing a Johnin test and what size reaction are you looking for to indicate infection?

1 mL, > 3 mm

1 mL, > 3 cm

0.2 mL, > 3 mm

0.2 mL, > 3 cm

5.

1 point

In ostertagiasis, abomasal pH increases (pH > 5) and stimulates gastrin production, which results in:

Cell proliferation & hyperplasia

Prevention of conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin (increase in pepsinogen)

Induction of increased conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin (decrease in pepsinogen)

Cellular atrophy & death

6.

1 point

Why can't you rule out a liver abscess if you don't see one on U/S?

Can't image the whole liver

Can't see these abscesses on U/S

U/S can't go deep to enough to scan a cow's liver accurately

7.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a likely secondary effect of a liver abscess?

Peritonitis

Nephritis

Caudal vena cava thrombosis

Metastatic pneumonia

8.

1 point

Which liver enzyme commonly used to evaluate rumen liver disease is not useful in neonates?

GGT

AST

SDH

9.

1 point

Liver disease in ruminants tends to present with non-specific clinical signs, such as:

Diarrhea

Vomiting

Weightloss

Ascites/edema

10.

1 point

Liver abscesses are commonly associated with what type of diet?

High protein

Low protein

High grain

Low grain

11.

1 point

Which liver enzymes are WORTHLESS in ruminants?

ALT, ALP, LDH

GGT, ALT, ALP

SDH, LDH, GGT

AST, GGT, SDH

12.

1 point

What is the correct order of the life cycle of the ruminant liver fluke?

Eggs passed in feces of cattle --> picked up by aquatic snail --> develop to metacercariae --> emerge from snail --> attach to forage --> ingested by cow --> excyst in rumen --> migrate through rumen wall to liver --> mature in liver --> travel to bile duct --> eggs shed in bile

Eggs passed in feces of cattle --> picked up by aquatic snail --> develop to metacercariae --> snail ingested by cow --> flukes emerge from snail and excyst in SI --> migrate through gut wall to liver --> mature in liver --> travel to bile duct --> eggs shed in bile

Eggs passed in feces of cattle --> picked up by aquatic snail --> develop to metacercariae --> emerge from snail --> attach to forage --> ingested by cow --> excyst in SI --> migrate through gut to liver --> mature in liver --> travel to bile duct --> eggs shed in bile

13.

1 point

Plasma pepsinogen level > ____ IU is suggestive of Type 2 ostertagiasis

300

3,000

3

30

14.

1 point

Treatment of infectious black necrosis is:

Futile, prevention is key

Easily done, treat the flukes and give antibiotics

15.

1 point

What are some aspects associated with the Johne's disease vaccination?

Will interfere with JD testing, but not TB testing

Regulated vaccine - only can be used with permission of state vet

Leaves large granuloma in brisket injection site

Hazardous if accidental injection into a human

Can be used in calves and adults

16.

1 point

Abdominal fat necrosis tends to be a benign disease

True

False

17.

1 point

Liver flukes in cattle are primarily what species?

Fasciola hepatica

Fasciola gigantica

Fasciola magna

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

18.

1 point

Is Johne's disease reportable in most states? Is there a herd quarantine imposed if it is diagnosed?

Yes; yes

No; yes

Yes; no

No; no

19.

1 point

Bacillary hemoglobinuria is also known as:

Black disease

Blue bag disease

Red water disease

20.

1 point

What is the MAJOR bacteria isolated from liver abscesses in ruminants?

Truparella pyogenes

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Fasciola hepatica

Clostridium novyi

21.

1 point

Abdominal fat necrosis is a disease where oily, gritty masses of fat in abdomen are found either by rectal or exploratory laparotomy.

True

False

22.

1 point

Egg counts of > ____ epg is considered very significant when diagnosing liver flukes

50

10

5

1

23.

1 point

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by:

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium novyi

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium difficile

24.

1 point

Infectious necrotic hepatitis is also known as:

Blackleg disease

Blue tongue disease

Green disease

Black disease

25.

1 point

If you do a laparotomy looking to diagnose Johne's disease, what samples should you be sure to submit?

Colon

Ileum

Ileocecal/mesenteric LNs

Spleen

26.

1 point

Does Johne's disease vaccination prevent infection/bacterial shedding? Does it reduce clinical disease?

No; maybe

Yes; maybe

No; yes

Yes; yes

27.

1 point

In evaluating the IV Johnin test (injection of Johnin solution), what is the diagnostic increase in rectal temp?

> 1 degree C over 6-8 hours

> 1 degree F over 6-8 hours

> 0.5 degree F over 6-8 hours

> 0.5 degree C over 6-8 hours

28.

1 point

The causative agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria is:

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium hemolyticum

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium novyi

29.

1 point

What are some of the findings on a chem panel that would indicate liver disease in a ruminant?

Hyperalbuminemia

Hypoglycemia

Decreased BUN

30.

1 point

Which disease is the causative agent of Johne's disease thought to be related to in humans?

Crohn's disease

Celiac's disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

COPD

31.

1 point

When Ostertagia larvae invade gastric glands of abomasum, the ____ cells stop functioning which results in a decreased production of ____ :

Parietal cells; HCl

Chief cells; HCl

Parietal cells; pepsinogen

Chief cells; pepsinogen

32.

1 point

Flukecides such as Clorsulon and Albendazole have been approved for the treatment of liver flukes in the US

True

False

33.

1 point

Which liver enzyme commonly used to evaluate rumen liver disease has a short half-life and is very specific to liver?

SDH

GGT

AST

34.

1 point

Type 1 ostertagiasis is associated with _____ and is therefore seen in the summer & fall in the Southest

High pasture worm burden

Emergence of hypobiotic larvae in abomasum

35.

1 point

What is the major clinical sign of liver flukes in cattle?

None (subclinical disease, liver condemned at slaughter)

Hypoproteinemia

Hepatic encephalopathy

Anemia

36.

1 point

Is treatment of Johne's disease recommended?

No - progressive & fatal disease

No - affected animals will recover spontaneously

Yes - but even treated animals may not recover

Yes - affected animals can be treated and have good prognosis

37.

1 point

In large animal species, fetuses are born with a low level of globulins due to transfer via the placenta in utero

True

False

38.

1 point

Which of the following is MORE common in ruminants with liver disease:

Photosensitization

Hepatic encephalopathy

39.

1 point

What is the primary reason liver abscesses are economically important?

Death of cattle

Reduced fertility & conception rates

Decreased weight gain & milk production as well as liver condemnnation

40.

1 point

Although rarely attempted, what options can be used to try to treat a liver abscess?

Oral NSAIDs

Standing surgical drainage

Parenteral antibiotics for several weeks

41.

1 point

In dairy herds, the main focus in prevention of Johne's disease is preventing exposure. That includes measures such as:

Clip & clean udders prior to calving

Clean calving areas

Pooling colostrum

Culling affected animals and recent offspring

42.

1 point

What are some likely findings at necropsy in a bacillary hemoglobinuria case?

Pericardial hemorrhage

Dark red urine

SQ petechia

Hyperemia around necrotic lesions of liver

43.

1 point

What things might you see on a liver U/S in a ruminant suspected to have liver disease?

Decreased echogenicity

Thrombosis of caudal vena cava

Lobes that extends beyond CCJ

Rounded edges

44.

1 point

Which test is used by most state "regulatory" or "control" programs for Johne's disease?

PCR

Serology (ELISA)

Albumin evaluation

Acid-fast stain on fresh feces

45.

1 point

> ______ epg is highly suggestive of ostertagia infection

200

20

20,000

2,000

46.

1 point

What species of snail is required for the ruminant liver fluke to complete it's life cycle?

Helix spp.

Pomacea spp.

Lymnea spp.

47.

1 point

What type of Ostertagia larvae invade gastric glands of abomasum?

L2

L1

L4

L3

48.

1 point

When would a liver biopsy in a ruminant be contraindicated?

Liver abscess suspected

Toxin ingestion suspected

Hepatic lipidosis suspected

49.

1 point

What is the main advantage and main disadvantage of doing PCR for Johne's disease?

Cheaper than fecal culture; need more sample

Much quicker than fecal culture; more $$

Much cheaper than fecal culture; takes longer

Need less sample than fecal culture; more $$

50.

1 point

Infectious necrotic hepatitis happens when the causative bacteria is present in an area of necrosis within the liver caused by:

Trauma

Hepatic lipidosis

Liver fluke migration

Ruminant Med Exam 1 - Part 3