Metabolism & Biochemistry - Block E Final Review

1.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Schmeing – Carbohydrate metabolism (Jan 28)
Author: Doulia Hamad

Which of the following about sugar metabolism is FALSE? (Choose the INCORRECT answer).

Maltose is a disaccharide made of two glucose molecules.

The GLUT-2 transporter can help diffusion of glucose into the cell AND out of the cell.

The GLUT-4 transporter is primarily found in the liver, kidney and pancreas.

GLUT-4 membrane expression is under regulatory control of insulin.

Catabolic processes will convert carbohydrates, fats and proteins into chemical energy (ATP, NADH) and energy-poor end products (CO2, H20 & NH3).

2.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Schmeing – Carbohydrate metabolism (Jan 28)
Author: Doulia Hamad

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is FALSE? (Choose the INCORRECT answer).

The first irreversible step of glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase or glucokinase.

For one glucose molecule, the NET output of glycolysis is 2 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 Pyruvate molecules.

Insulin has a positive regulatory effect on (promotes) glycolysis while glucagon has the opposite effect.

The three key hormone-regulated enzymes in glycolysis are glucokinase, phosphofructokinase and phosphoglycerate kinase.

Aldolase B deficiency can cause a buildup of fructose-1-phosphate resulting in hereditary fructose intolerance, fasting hypoglycemia and possible liver damage.

3.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Schmeing – Carbohydrate metabolism (Jan 28)
Author: Doulia Hamad

Which of the following statements is TRUE about glycolysis? (Choose the CORRECT answer).

Mutations in one gene of glucokinase will lead to permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM).

The Warburg effect describes the slower utilization of glucose by cancer cells through preferential production of Acetyl-CoA.

In normal metabolism, the main energy-producing mechanism after glycolysis is the lactic acid cycle.

In PET scanning, radiolabelled glucose will preferentially accumulate in cells with low glycolytic activity.

Fructose is associated to obesity in part because it bypasses regulation by glucokinase and can be transformed to glyceraldehyde.

4.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Schmeing - Lipid Metabolism I - Feb 4
Author: Tom Diehl

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA in fatty acid synthesis?

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

Fatty Acid Synthase

Acetyl CoA Decarboxylase

Malonyl CoA Carboxylase

5.

1 point

Lecture: Dr.Schmeing - Lipid Metabolism I - Feb 4
Author: Tom Diehl

Which of the following is NOT CORRECT regarding the regulatory action of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC)?

Insulin (via protein phosphatase) increases it.

PKA decreases it.

AMPK increases it.

Palmitoyl-CoA decreases it.

Citrate increases it.

6.

1 point

Lecture: Dr.Schmeing - Lipid Metabolism II - Feb 6
Author: Tom Diehl

All sphingolipids contain the following:

Inositol

Choline

Ethanolamine

Ceramide

Serine

7.

1 point

Lecture: Dr.Schmeing - Lipid Metabolism II - Feb 6
Author: Tom Diehl

Which of the following is NOT CORRECT regarding Niemann-Pick Disease?

Niemann-Pick disease is associated with accumulation of sphingomyelin.

Niemann-Pick disease can cause hepatosplenomegaly.

Niemann-Pick disease can cause osteoporosis of long bones.

Niemann-Pick disease may present with cherry-red macula.

Niemann-Pick disease is often neurodegenerative.

8.

1 point

Lecture: Dr.Schmeing - Lipid Metabolism II - Feb 6
Author: Tom Diehl

Carnitine shuttle deficiency will cause all of the following EXCEPT:

Hypoglycemia.

Toxic accumulation of fatty acids.

Decreased ability to use long chain fatty acids.

Inability to metabolize short chain fatty acids.

9.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Hoffer - Body Composition (Jan 29)
Author: Nicola Smith

What is the most important method for assessing a patient’s body cell mass (BCM) when they come into your (future) clinic?

Weigh the patient and multiply by 50% to get BCM.

Calculate the patient’s body mass index (BMI).

Examine the patient’s muscle groups.

Evaluate the patient’s nitrogen balance (Nin – Nout).

10.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Hoffer - Body Composition (Jan 29)
Author: Nicola Smith

Your patient is 170 cm tall and weighs 165 pounds. According to their BMI, you should:

Counsel them on the dangers and increased risks associated with their obesity.

Address the reason for their cachexia immediately, if not already done.

Put them on a monitored diet and exercise regimen until their BMI normalizes.

Evaluate their body composition and general health but raise no immediate concern.

11.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Hoffer - Body Composition (Jan 29)
Author: Nicola Smith

The chickadee (a Canadian winter bird) must go into a torpid (low metabolic) state through the cold night or else it will…

Burst into flames.

Die of starvation.

Freeze to death.

Age too fast.

12.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Hoffer - Body Composition (Jan 29)
Author: Nicola Smith

In medicine, indirect calorimetry is used to estimate...

The amount of energy burned in metabolism based on the patient’s height, weight and the amount of exercise they are able to accomplish in a set time.

The amount of energy burned in metabolism based on a person’s body composition and lifestyle.

The amount of energy burned in metabolism based on a person’s consumption of a molecule involved in metabolism.

The amount of energy burned in metabolism based on the actual bond energies contained in each gram of food consumed by the person.

13.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Hoffer - Obesity (Feb 2nd)
Author: Yang Guo

Which of the following statements about leptin is TRUE?

Leptin acts on the hypothalamus to induce satiety.

Obese people have lower leptin levels, which is why they take longer to feel satiety.

Leptin resistance is a well-established causal factor for obesity.

Silencing the leptin gene would lead to obesity in most humans.

14.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Hoffer - Obesity (Feb 2nd)
Author: Yang Guo

Which of the following statements is NOT a consequence of obesity?

Low self-esteem.

Gallstone formation.

Type II Diabetes mellitus.

Increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

15.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Schmeing – Carbohydrate Metabolism (Feb 2)
Author: Jia Yue You

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The liver feeds the other tissues by gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.

Carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning both stop the electron transport chain.

Insulin enhances the activity of phosphofructokinase I.

TCA cycle deficiencies are commonly seen in patients.

Ethanol intake increases cellular NADH concentration.

16.

1 point

Lecture: Dr Hoffer - Protein Metabolism - Jan 30
Author: Amar Bhindi

Kapil, a 1st year med student with an uncontrolled hello-kitty addiction was admitted to the hospital and was bed-ridden for several days. His doctor is monitoring his protein intake and urinary urea excretion. Kapil eats 150g of protein per day. His urinary urea N excretion is 28g/day. Kapil is in a negative N balance.
Assuming his body fat and extracellular fluid volume remain unchanged, how much body weight will Kapil lose each day?

50g from his BCM every day

25g from his BCM every day

125g from his BCM every day

250g from his BCM every day

Impossible to calculate without knowing his intestinal losses

17.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Schmeing - Metabolic Aspects of Diabetes - Feb 9
Author: Russell Frank

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding ketosis and subsequent events?

One acetyl-CoA molecule gets converted to two D-beta-hydroxybutyrate molecules in the liver.

It is primarily D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone that get taken up by peripheral tissues as an energy source in starvation.

D-beta-hydroxybutyrate is insoluble in blood, and requires a transport system to travel to tissues, such as the heart and skeletal muscle.

Acetoacetate serves as an important source of energy for the brain when fasting.

18.

1 point

Lecture: Dr. Schmeing - Metabolic Aspects of Diabetes - Feb 9
Author: Russell Frank

Which of the following would NOT be expected to occur in the setting of insulin deficiency?

Upregulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in the liver

Upregulation of glycogen synthase in the liver

Increased conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetoacetate.

Increased fat mobilization in adipose tissue.