A&P revision (1)

1.

1 point

which statement is true about the renal supply of blood

renal vein/artery go around the medulla as arcuate artery/vein

renal vein/artery enter at the cortex

renal vein and artery go around the medulla as interlobular artery/vein

2.

1 point

chemical composition of urine

80% solutes, 20% water

80% water, 20% solutes

95% water, 5% solutes

3.

1 point

water conservation, a nephron function, means..

removes additional wastes from blood

removes water from the urine and returns it to the blood

creates a plasma-like filtrate of the blood

4.

1 point

which is not an accessory muscles used in respiration

sternocleidomastoid

pectoralis major

pectorialis scalenes

5.

1 point

Carbonic acid

break down product, hydrogen is HC0-3

unstable-breaks down into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

binds to haem and is converted to carbohydrates at pancreas

6.

1 point

proximal convuluted tubule

has mitochondria for active transport

lacks microvilli unlike other components

is short in length

7.

1 point

proximal convuluted tubule reabsorb 65% sodium by

active transport

secondary active transport

osmosis

8.

1 point

nephron functions includes the removal of useful solutes from the filtrate which are then returned to the blood. this is known as

tubular secretion

tubular reabsortption

glomerular filtration

9.

1 point

detection systems for pH include which peripheral and central chemoreceptors

aortic bodies, baroreceptor and surface of medulla(pH of CSF)

aortic bodies, carotid bodies and surface of medulla

aortic bodies and surface of medulla (pH of CSF)

baroreceptors, medulla and spinothalamic tract

10.

1 point

podocytes have

sodium ion channels

a thin basement layer for permability

fenestrationed layer: double filtration system

11.

1 point

which is not associated with urinary system

gall bladder

kidney

inferior vena cava

bladder

12.

1 point

distal tubule and collecting duct are responsible for sodium and water reabsorption, as well as potassium secretion. this is regulated by

ADH

T3

oxytocin

osmosis

13.

1 point

oxygen transport

71.4% haem carries 4 molcules of 02, 28.6% dissolves in plasma

98.5% haem carries 4 molecules of 02

32% O2 dissolved into plasma

14.

1 point

renin interacts with angiotesinogen to produce.. (answer should be the immediate product response if that makes sense)

angiotensin converting enzyme

angiotensin 1

ADH

aldosterone

15.

1 point

which statement about resistance to airflow is true

durin exhalation, resistance as diameter of bronchioles increases

during inhalation, bronchioles restrict = resistance to airflow

airway diameter is regulated by contractions/relaxation of smooth muscle

16.

1 point

if co2+h20=h2co3=h+hc0-3 is pushed to the right.. what happens

increase h+, pH rises

increase h+, pH drops

decrease h+, pH drops

17.

1 point

loop of henley: the counter current exchange mechanism is

so concentrated urine can be produced to conserve fluids

water is absorbed so urine isn't as concentrated

sodium exchanges for potassium in hypokalemia

18.

1 point

intrapulmonary pressure: inspiration

the diaphragm and external intercostals relax

air enters lungs down pressure gradient until pressure is = to atmospheric

intrapulmonary pressure is slightly below atmospheric pressue ~460mmHg

19.

1 point

angiotensin 2 prompts

adh release, adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone

adh alone

adh release, posterior pituitary to secrete aldosterone

20.

1 point

the afferent ateriole

sends blood to the renal corpuscle

sends blood away from renal corpuscle

returns filtrate to blood circulation

21.

1 point

control of breathing is repetitve stimuli sent to

pontine respiratory centres and apneustic centre

pontine respiratory centres and medulla

ventral respiratory group (VRG) and doral respiratory group (DRG)

22.

1 point

aldosterone has hormonal control properties in the collecting duct and distal tubule:

stimulates sodium reabsorption to increase blood volume

increase sodium excretion to decrease blood volume

23.

1 point

in dehydration, decreased intrarenal pressure is recorded by

baroreceptors

macula densa cells in distal tubule

juxtaglomerular cells

24.

1 point

creatinine is

a waste product from muscle metabolism

makes urine clear in colour

a muscle repair and bulking protein

25.

1 point

intrapleural pressure refers to

vaccum between plueral membranes- negative pressure

the pressure on inhalation only

the parietal pleura lining of the lungs

26.

1 point

as well as spirometry, body plethysmography is a pulmonary test. a measurement includes FVC, what does FVC stand for

forced vital containment

fusion venous capacity

forced vital capacity

fusion vital capacity

27.

1 point

what causes air to leave the lungs

pressure equal between alveoli and atmosphere

pressure difference between alveoli and atmosphere

spasm of diaphragm

28.

1 point

acidosis (pick the wrong answer)

a cause of coma

a cause of disorientation

a pH above 7.45

a cause of cns depression

29.

1 point

if PaO2 increases

arterial PaO2 must rise above ~60mmHg before ventilation increases

breathing o2 enriched gases generates free radicals

30.

1 point

which is correct about atmospheric air

02= 20.9%

N2 = 64%

02= 78%

C02= 32.3%

31.

1 point

the equilibrium formula for carbon dioxide transport is (H = H+)

CO2+H =H2C03=HCO-3+H20

02+CO2=H2CO3=HCO-3+H

CO2+H20=H2C03=H +HCO-3

32.

1 point

glomerular filtrate rate is

female= 200ml/min

greater for women then men

male=200ml/min

female= 115ml/min, male=125ml/min

33.

1 point

functions of the kidneys doesnt involve..

formation of urine

activation of vitamin K

production of hormone EPO and enzyme renin

regulates body fluids and osmolality

34.

1 point

co2

C02 passes to lungs by aorta for exhalation

crosses endothelial cells of capillary, basement membrane and type 1 alveolar cell

excess C02 is absorbed to be converted into hydrochloric acid

35.

1 point

distal tubule and collecting duct control electrolyte balance: which hormone increases sodium excretion to decrease blood volume

ADH

aldosterone

atrial natriuetic peptide (ANP)

36.

1 point

which statement is correct about boyles law

large volume- gas molecules far apart- pressure falls

small volume- gas molecules far apart- pressure increases

small volume-gas molecules compressed-pressure decrease

large volume- gas molecules far apart-pressure rises

37.

1 point

abnormal waste products of urine includes

uric acid

KCL (potassium chloride)

protein

urea

38.

1 point

what happens if a patient is retaining cO2

chemoreceptors adapt to a constantly high PaCO2

their chemoreceptors fail, paint requires permanent O2 supply

patients retain excess O2

39.

1 point

glycosuria is

excessive glucose reabsorbed into blood

glucose in the urine

glucose reabsorption at P.C.T

40.

1 point

proximal convuluted tubule absorbs ______ glucose by ______

20% / facilitated diffusion

100% / secondary active trnasport

50% / osmosis

41.

1 point

the compliance of healthy lungs is high meaning

low levels of surfactant

lungs expand with ease

blockage in lungs; possible cause being mucus

scar tissue in lungs

42.

1 point

collecting duct type A intercalated cells

reabsorb HCO-3 ions

reabsorb dihydrogen phosphate ions

reabsorb H+ ions

43.

1 point

the renal corpuscles are

are responsible for the excretion of proteins

the last port of call

the filtration units of the vertebrated nephron

44.

1 point

pulmonary arteries

lie anterior to primary bronchioles

carry oxygenated blood to lungs

terminate at the heart

45.

1 point

henrys law:

amount of gas that dissolves in water is determined by its solubility in water and its partial pressure in air

when the temperature of a gas is constant, the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume

the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture

46.

1 point

loop of henley *also known as ascending/descending* reabsorbs solutes

potassium 50%, water 25%

sodium 25%, water 25%

sodium 25%, potassium 50%, water 25%

47.

1 point

oxygen transport

32% O2 dissolved into plasma

98.5% haem carries 4 molecules of 02

71.4% haem carries 4 molcules of 02, 28.6% dissolves in plasma

48.

1 point

blood pressure forces plasma from glomerular capillaries into bowmanns capsule.. which statement is true

occurs 2/1min

macromolecules should not pass to be filtrated

responsible by aldosterone

49.

1 point

movement of the chest during quiet inspiration

diaphragm (60%) external intercostals (30%) accessory muscles (10%)

diaphragm (100%)

diaphragm (80%) external intercostals (20%)

50.

1 point

renin is released in response to decreased blood/intrarenal pressure from the

angiotensin cells

macula densa cells

juxtaglomerular cells