A&P revision

1.

1 point

osteocytes are

mature bone cells- maintain matrix

produce new bone

remove mineral from matrix for remodelling

develop into osteoblasts

2.

1 point

the first stage of bone healing

a soft callus forms in fracture

haematoma formation around fracture

calcium salts are deposited and reabsorbed

3.

1 point

osteogenic stem cells

mature bone cells: maintains matrix

2% of bone mass

develop into osteoblasts- found in periostem & endostem

4.

1 point

increase plasma na+

anp

aldosterone

adh

5.

1 point

aldosterone is an example of

mineralcorticoid

corticoid

glucocorticoid

6.

1 point

the trabeculae of cancellous bone

spaces between trabeculae contain bone marrow

produces bone marrow

heavier than compact

7.

1 point

the canal of volkman is needed

in the bone for interstitial lamellea

in the bone for calcium channels

in the bone for blood vessels

8.

1 point

osteoclasts are

responsible for remodelling of bone - remove mineral from matrix

develop into osteoblasts

produce new bone-secrete osteoid and responsible for mineral deposition

mature bone cells located in luncae within bone

9.

1 point

bone is

connective tissue

keratin

calcium

10.

1 point

haversian canal of bone is

also known as osteoclast

the canaliculi

a canal for blood vessels

11.

1 point

inorganic component - bone - is

called hydroxyapatite

called calcium phosphate

compressed

12.

1 point

flat bones

exclusively produce yellow bone marrow

found mainly in the limbs

include sternum and scalpal

13.

1 point

which hormones act on cytoplasm/nucleus receptors

amine

steroid

peptide

14.

1 point

fracture can be

compound: closed

simple: open

compound: open

15.

1 point

which hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce TSH for thyroid activation

T3

TRH

T4

16.

1 point

klakfa

afa

17.

1 point

yellow bone marrow is

myeloid tissue

cannot transform back to produce blood

fatty tissue that no longer produces blood

18.

1 point

adrenocorticotropic, growth, folicle stimulating and other hormones are released from

posterior pituitary

anterior pituitary

hypothalamus

19.

1 point

commuinuted fracture is

diagonal

down

shattered into pieces

across

20.

1 point

cancellous bone

hard- outer protecting layer

spongey- located interior

21.

1 point

endocrine receptor: activates transcription of specific gene

amine hormone

peptide hormone

steroid hormone

22.

1 point

bone formation is known as

ossification

endochondral

mesenchymal

23.

1 point

endochondral ossification

secondary ossification develops in the diaphysis

the diaphysis is the primary ossification centre

24.

1 point

mesenchymal cells

produce compact bone then cancellous

differentiate into osteoblast

secrete inorganic compound of bone

25.

1 point

TRH, PRH, PRIF ,CRH, GnRH, GHRH, SS hormones are released from

hypothalamus

anterior pituitary

thyroid

posterior pituitary

26.

1 point

TSH

stimulates breakdown of thyroglobin to T3/t4

stimulates serotonin

stimulates TRH

27.

1 point

increase na+ loss at the kidneys

ANP

ADH

calcitonin

28.

1 point

transverse fracture is

spiral

diagonal

across

29.

1 point

organic component- bone - are

strong, flexible but easily compressed

hard, relatively inflexible and quite brittle

30.

1 point

thyroxine

converts to t3 at target rissue

has 3 iodine ions

an example steroid hormone

31.

1 point

peptide hormones activates receptor, prompting

cAmp to close ion channels, activating enzyme

g protein, which attracts ATP to activated adenylate cyclase

32.

1 point

two methods of bone formation: intramembraneous ossification

happens in cartilage

happens in 4 stages

occurs in flat bones and clavicles

33.

1 point

osteoblasts

remove mineral from the matrix- remodelling

produce new bone and secrete osteoid

mature bone cells that are located in luncae

found in periostem and endostem

34.

1 point

in the thyroid gland

c cells produce calcitonin

calcitonin reduces production of t3/t4

35.

1 point

irregular bones

include vertabrae

dont include cranial bone (flat bones)

dont have bone marrow

36.

1 point

ADH and oxytocin are released from

posterior pituitary

hypothalamus

anterior pituitary

37.

1 point

the soft callus formed in the bone healing process from a fracture

is hardened by mineral deposition

forms space for blood vessels

38.

1 point

organic components of bone are made up of collagen and protein known as

osteogen

osteoblasts

osteoids

39.

1 point

which areas are considered to have bones for yellow bone marrow

arm, legs

pelvis, spine

hands, ribcage

head, rib cage

40.

1 point

bone marrow can be found

in the medullary cavitites of long bone

in the haversian canal

in compact bone

41.

1 point

adrenocorticotropic, growth, folicle stimulating and other hormones are released from

posterior pituitary

hypothalamus

anterior pituitary

42.

1 point

oblique fracture is

diagonal

shattered

down

across

43.

1 point

functions of the skeleton includes

provides protection of free radicals

providing leverage for movement

provides iron deposits

44.

1 point

endocrine gland purpose (wrong one)

constant internal enviroment

synthesis/store chemical messengers

no ducts, rich in blood

hormones secrete into blood

45.

1 point

___works by reducing the amount of calcium release by bone

calcitonin

thyroxine

vasopressin

46.

1 point

long bones

act as lever

protect organs

include tarsals

47.

1 point

which hormones act on membrane receptors

amine

peptide

steroid

48.

1 point

compact bone is located

the head

on the surface

the inner

49.

1 point

increase plasma ca2+

aldosterone

calcitonin

parathyroid hormone

anp

50.

1 point

bone remodeling occurs throughout life

calcium salts are deposited and reabsorbed as required

false- once osteoblast formation catches up with cartilage formation, bone cannot grow