Chapter 13

1.

1 point

Which of the following nerves originates in the lumbosacral plexus?

Axillary

Ilioinguinal

Sciatic

Obturator

Phrenic

2.

1 point

Which of the following is an ascending tract of the spinal cord?

Ventral corticospinal tract

Lateral tectospinal tract

Vestibulospinal tract

Gracile fasciculus

Medial reticulospinal tract

3.

1 point

Many upper motor neurons synapse with lower motor neurons in the ___________.

anterior horn

posterior root ganglion

posterior column

anterior column

posterior horn

4.

1 point

Nerve fibers are insulated from one another by __________.

perineurium

blood vessels

endoneurium

fascicles

epineurium

5.

1 point

A __________ is a cordlike organ composed of numerous __________.

nerve fiber; nerves

nerve; axons

nerve fiber; neurosomas

nerve fiber; axons

nerve; neurosomas

6.

1 point

Neurosomas of the anterior root are located in the __________.

gray matter

white matter

anterior rootlets

anterior root ganglion

posterior root ganglion

7.

1 point

A patient with no sensation in the left thumb would most likley have nerve damage of the __________ spinal nerve.

L3

C5

T5

T1

C6

8.

1 point

There are __________ pairs of spinal nerves.

62

35

24

12

31

9.

1 point

"Somatosensory" does not refer to sensory signals from __________.

proprioceptors

joints

bones and muscles

the skin

the viscera

10.

1 point

The anterior rami of the spinal nerves form nerve plexuses in all regions except the _________ region.

thoracic

lumbar

cervical

sacral

11.

1 point

Reflex arcs that only use two neurons are called ____________ reflex arcs.

monosynaptic

ipsilateral

autonomic

polysynaptic

contralateral

12.

1 point

Which of the following is contained within gray matter?

Glial cells and myelinated fibers

Glial cells, axons of motor neurons, and Schwann cells

The distal part of axons of lower order motor neurons

Glial cells only

Neurosomas, dendrites, and proximal parts of axons of neurons

13.

1 point

A reflex in which the sensory input and motor output are on opposite sides of the spinal cord, is called a(n) _________ reflex arc.

monosynaptic

ipsilateral

polysynaptic

intersegmental

contralateral

14.

1 point

The middle layer of the meninges is called the __________.

white matter

arachnoid mater

dura mater

pia mater

gray matter

15.

1 point

A ganglion is a _________.

bundle of axons in the PNS

cluster of neurosomas in the CNS

cluster of neurosomas in the PNS

cluster of dendrites in either the CNS or the PNS

bundle of axons in the CNS

16.

1 point

Which of the following is not a property of reflexes?

Reflex responses are very predictable.

Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

Reflexes are not voluntary.

Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

17.

1 point

Which of the following fractures would be the least likely to cause a spinal cord injury?

A fracture of vertebra T12

A fracture of vertebra T5

A fracture of vertebra C2

A fracture of vertebra L4

A fracture of vertebra C6

18.

1 point

Which of the following is true regarding the tendon reflex?

It causes a muscle that is being stretched to contract.

It makes the ipsilateral motor neurons relax.

It causes a tendon to contract.

It prevents overcontraction of a muscle.

It makes the contralateral motor neurons contract.

19.

1 point

The bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5 is called the __________.

lumbar enlargement

cauda equina

cervical enlargement

spinal cord

medullary cone

20.

1 point

Eyes and ears are innervated by _________ fibers.

white

general

special

somatic

visceral

21.

1 point

If a bee sting on the right thigh causes a quick involuntary reaction of the right arm, this would be an example of a(n) __________ reflex.

bilateral

contralateral

crossed extensor

withdrawal

intersegmental

22.

1 point

You go to the movies after a long day and you begin to nod off as soon as the movie starts. Your head starts to lower a little, but a reflex causes your head to rise. This is called the __________ reflex.

crossed extension

tendon

flexor (withdrawal)

stretch (myotatic)

withdrawal

23.

1 point

The fibers that carry the action potentials that cause skeletal muscle to contract are __________.

intrafusal fibers

gamma motor neurons

extrafusal fibers

alpha motor neurons

anulospiral endings

24.

1 point

Which of the following is not considered a region of the spinal cord?

Thoracic

Sacral

Lumbar

Cervical

Pelvic

25.

1 point

Epidural anesthesia is introduced to the epidural space between the __________ to block pain signals during pregnancy.

arachnoid mater and pia mater

dural sheath and vertebral bones

dura mater and arachnoid mater

dural sheath and dura mater

dura mater and pia mater

26.

1 point

Which of the following sensory functions involves neurons in the posterior root ganglion?

Smell

Taste

Touch

Vision

Hearing

27.

1 point

Which reflex shows the least synaptic delay?

The withdrawal reflex

A polysynaptic reflex

The flexor reflex

The tendon reflex

The cross extension reflex

28.

1 point

Which of the following is comprised of anterior rami from C5-T1?

Coccygeal plexus

Lumbar plexus

Brachial plexus

Cervical plexus

Sacral plexus

29.

1 point

Voluntary motor impulses leave the spinal cord via the _________ of gray matter.

anterior horn

posterior column

lateral horn

anterior column

posterior horn

30.

1 point

Second-order neurons synapse with third-order neurons in the __________.

cerebral cortex

dorsal root ganglion

medulla oblongata

spinal cord

thalamus

31.

1 point

The sensitivity of the muscle spindle is maintained by __________.

anulospiral endings

alpha motor neurons

gamma motor neurons

a stretch reflex

secondary afferent (group II) fibers

32.

1 point

The cervical plexus is the origin of the __________ nerve(s).

oculomotor

sciatic

phrenic

radial

musculocutaneous

33.

1 point

Cerebrospinal fluid fills the space between the __________.

dura mater and pia mater

dura mater and arachnoid mater

dural sheath and dura mater

dural sheath and vertebral bones

arachnoid mater and pia mater

34.

1 point

The flexor (withdrawal) reflex employs a ___________, which maintains a sustained contraction.

diverging circuit

parallel after-discharge circuit

reverberating circuit

converging circuit

closed circuit

35.

1 point

Which of the following is not a function associated with the spinal cord?

Coordinate the alternating contraction of several muscle groups associated with locomotion

Conduct sensory information up to the brain

Conduct motor information down the cord

Mediate a reflex, such as the withdrawal of a hand from pain

Protect neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts

36.

1 point

Which of the following is not a distal branch of the spinal nerve?

Meningeal branch

Posterior root

Anterior ramus

Communicating rami

Posterior ramus

37.

1 point

The connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle is called the __________.

endoneurium

myelin

perimysium

perineurium

epineurium

38.

1 point

Which of the following groups of muscles has the most muscle spindles?

Muscles of the torso

Muscles of the thigh

Muscles of the hand

Muscles of the middle-ear

Muscles of the back

39.

1 point

Which one of the following best describes the order of a somatic reflex?

Somatic receptor  efferent nerve fiber  afferent nerve fiber  interneuron  skeletal muscle

Somatic receptor  afferent nerve fiber  interneuron  efferent nerve fiber  skeletal muscle

Somatic receptor  afferent nerve fiber  interneuron  efferent nerve fiber  smooth muscle

Somatic receptor  efferent nerve fiber  interneuron  afferent nerve fiber  skeletal muscle

Somatic receptor  interneuron  afferent nerve fiber  efferent nerve fiber  skeletal muscle

40.

1 point

The structure found between the posterior rootlets and the posterior root ganglion is called the __________.

posterior root of a spinal nerve

anterior root of a spinal nerve

spinal nerve

posterior horn

anterior horn

41.

1 point

Tendon organs are __________.

pain receptors

nociceptors

proprioceptors

chemoreceptors

visceral receptors

42.

1 point

A mixed nerve consists of both __________ and ___________.

myelinated; unmyelinated fibers

glial cells; nerve cells

afferent; efferent fibers

association; integration neurons

spinal; cranial fibers

43.

1 point

The upper motor neurons that control skeletal muscles begin with a soma in the __________.

posterior horn of the spinal cord

anterior horn of the spinal cord

motor association cortex of the cerebrum

postcentral gyrus of the cerebrum

precentral gyrus of the cerebrum

44.

1 point

Which of the following structures is the richest in lipid content?

White matter

Pia mater

Gray matter

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

45.

1 point

A nurse pricks your finger to type your blood. You flinch at the pain, pulling your hand back. This is called the __________ reflex.

tendon

crossed extension

painful

stretch

flexor (withdrawal)

46.

1 point

Motor commands are carried by __________ from the brain along the spinal cord.

descending tracts

cranial nerves

spinal nerves

both anterior and posterior roots

ascending tracts

47.

1 point

Which of the following branches of a spinal nerve has the somas of only sensory neurons?

Anterior (ventral) root

Anterior ramus

Posterior (dorsal) root

Meningeal branch

Posterior ramus

48.

1 point

The signals that control your handwriting travel down the spinal cord in the _________ tracts.

corticospinal

medial vestibulospinal

lateral vestibulospinal

spinocerebellar

tectospinal

49.

1 point

In the patellar tendon reflex arc, the patellar ligament is stretched, which stretches the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh. This reflex will cause the quadriceps femoris to __________ and the hamstrings to __________.

contract; relax

relax; relax

contract; contract

relax; contract