Earth Science Final Exam

The epicenter of an earthquake is the location directly above the point of origin of the quake.

A mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air and water is called

If you are in a building in an earthquake and it feels that the ground is rolling in waves beneath you, you are feeling a

Plates are large sections of the Earth's oceanic or continental ___________

Geothermal energy is an important resource because

This universal force that we call _______ tends to pull all materials downward.

Weathering is when sediments are moved from one place to another and erosion is the process that breaks down rock.

When there is a lot of tension on rock and it finally gives way and moves releasing energy in the form of a quake, what type of fault is usually left behind as a result?

Of the three major categories of rocks, this one is usually found deep in the ground undergoing a great deal of stress, pressure and heat to become something new

Deposition and heat cause the formation of sedimentary rocks

Seismic waves are released during an earthquake as a release of energy. _____ waves travel below the surface and __________waves travel above or at the surface.

The most important factors in determining the rate at which weathering occurs are:

Volcanoes can erupt

Land moves in interesting ways. What type of mass movement is a very slow downhill movement of rock and soil that can occur on gentle slopes and tilts objects at strange angles due to freezing and thawing of water in cracked layers of rock beneath the soil.

If a discussion about destructive forces were taking place, you might hear people talking about

Geoscientists regularly come across mineral specimens and use tests like ________, ___________, and _____________ to figure out it is exactly.

Which of the following things are NOT examples of mechanical weathering

The Core of the Earth is made of

This second layer of soil (from the top) is where seeds germinate and plant roots grow

Rocks are most effected by erosion at the surface of the earth.

Rocks have minerals in them. These minerals form a variety of regular patterns called

Energy of an object that is being stored is called

Runoff is water that hasn't evaporated, been taken up into plants, or sunk into the ground

The amount of runoff in an area depends on the following factors:

Sea floor spreading is when new sea floor is formed when _________ is forced upward.

Extinction events have occurred on our planet. We know this because

_________________is the theory that the Earth's upper mantle is broken in plates that float and move around on the mantle due to ______________.

This material is dark colored and forms as plant and animal remains decay. It creates spaces to allow in air and water.

Rocks can undergo stress that causes them to break and deform. The three major categories of stress are

Epochs can occur in Eras and Eras can occur in Periods

Because it is the most common (abundant) mineral group in the crust of the Earth, it is considered a very valuable resource. This mineral group is the

As water drains away from a surface, which we call 'runoff', it can

If you just felt an earthquake and wanted to report what you had personally observed, you would be using the ____________ scale to report the earthquakes _______________.

This type of volcano would be on the small side and would erode faster due to the fact that it is not made out of rock.

You are walking down a sidewalk after a rain shower and observe two rocks in your path. One is completely intact, the other has holes and cracks. Due to your understanding of weathering, you know that the rock with the holes and cracks will weather more slowly.

An exploration of the Atlantic Ocean floor reveals the__________________formed as the oceanic crust is spreading in opposite directions

The greatest erosional force on the planet earth is

Hydrocarbon chains are the basis for many minerals such as gold, and pyrite.

Abrasion of rock by wind, water, or living creatures are examples of

Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Acids are significant compounds in the process of

Pangaea was a _______________.

The two subcategories of weathering that could be either mechanical or chemical are

When a river enters a large body of water, the water usually slows down and deposits large amounts of

Who proposed the theory of continental drift?

We all know that volcanoes are not alive, but if they are just "sleeping", we refer to them as

What factors determine the power of a moving river?

The more ___________ there is in magma, the stickier it will be and the slower it will flow.

In a typical cycle, weathering occurs first, deposition second and erosion third.

_________________plate movement means to slide alongside one another.

Shorelines are interesting places because they show evidence of both constructive and destructive forces. _________ deposit sand but also erode it away due to the energy they carry. (choose the best answer)