Chapter 4

1.

1 point

Choose items that derive from radioactivity

volcanic lava

cancer in U.S

warmth in deep mines

helium from children's balloons

2.

1 point

The fraction of the U.S. population that dies from cancer is typically

about 1 in 5

about 1 in 10000

most die from cancer

about 1 in 500

3.

1 point

Which of the following is the most toxic per gram?

plutonium

water

botox

arsenic

4.

1 point

Radioactivity is used in

smoke detectors

flashlights

Tv screens

remotes

5.

1 point

Fission fragments are

harmless particles emitted in radioactivity

among the most dangerous kind of radiation

ghost like particles that pass through earth

6.

1 point

Wine made from fossil fuels is not radioactive because

the radioactivity decayed away

the half- life of the key elements is too long

ancient plants never were radioactive

no carbon in wine

7.

1 point

Watch dials containing radium glow because

the radiation hits a phosphor

batteries supply energy when a button is pushed

all radioactivity create light

8.

1 point

A Sievert is how many rem

1

100

1000

.001

9.

1 point

If the half-life of an element is big, that means that

it decays slower than one with a small half-life

emits lots of neutrons when it decays

it decays faster than one with a small half-life

belongs to a heavy element

10.

1 point

Neutron activation is used

to create light

to search for rare atoms

to treat cancer

to provide energy

11.

1 point

The best way to measure the age of an ancient bone is

neutron activation

controlled thermonuclear fusion

radiocarbon dating

potassium-argon dating

12.

1 point

Cancer is low in Denver because

radiation is higher

more gamma rays even though there are fewer betas

We don't know why

radiation is lower

13.

1 point

The radiation from cell phones

causes over 1% of the cancer in those who use them

cause cancer, but not enough to worry

does not cause cancer

protects users from cosmic rays

14.

1 point

LD50 refers to a

lowest dose

legal dose

lethal dose

large dose

15.

1 point

The natural radioactivity (rate of nuclear decays) in a typical human body is closest to

12 per minute

12 per hour

1000 per second

0.2 per hour

16.

1 point

Uranium is found on the Earth, even though it is radioactive. That's because

it is constantly made by cosmic rays

it has a very long half-life

is created by fusion in the earth

created in the fusion in the sun

17.

1 point

Energy in the sun is produced primarily by

neutrions

fusion

fossil fuels

fission

18.

1 point

The source of energy in the Sun is

radioactivity of potassium-40

fusion of hydrogen

radioactivity of tririum

uranium chain reaction

19.

1 point

The primary cause of death from the Hiroshima bomb was

the blast from the bomb

fallout from the bomb

radiation induced cancer

smoking induced by fear of bombs

20.

1 point

Carbon-14, compared to carbon-12,

has more protons

has shorter half life

has more neutrons

has more electrons

21.

1 point

The number of deaths from the Chernobyl accident is about

<1

124,000

1 million

24,000

22.

1 point

One rem of radiation dose takes how many gammas per square centimeter

about 5000

about 1 million

about 1

about 2,000,000,000

23.

1 point

After four half-lives, the surviving tritium atoms are removed. Compared to completely new tritium atoms, they are expected to live

1/2 as long

exactly as long

1/4 as long

1/8 as long

24.

1 point

Which requires the larger dose

close in amount

cancer

radiation poisoning

25.

1 point

After three half-lives, the fraction of nuclei remaining is

1/3

1/6

1/2

1/8

26.

1 point

The radioactivity from your own body

does not cause cancer because its natural

does cause cancer, but at a very low rate

is responsible for more than half of the cancer in humans

reduce natural cancer, just as radiation therapy does

27.

1 point

An RTG (radioisotope thermoelectric generator) is

used in hospital for power

a type of bomb

carried in satellites for power

28.

1 point

The threshold for radiation illness is about

100 rem

500 rem

250 rem

1 rem

29.

1 point

Alexander Litvinenko was assassinated with

tritium

polonium

radium

plutonium

30.

1 point

The linear hypothesis is (choose all that are correct)

generally ignored

widely used even though it is not proven

known to be false

known to be true

31.

1 point

Radioactivity in the Earth is responsible for

warmth to keep the ocean liquid

creation of the oxygen we breathe

helium we use in balloons

navigation of birds

32.

1 point

Dirty bombs may be less of a threat than people fear because

once spread out, the rem level drops below the radiation illness threshold

the radioactivity is too small to induce cancer

the radiation does not actually get out of the bomb case

dirty bomb require plutonium

33.

1 point

Muller wears a wristwatch with tritium in the watch hands because

no radiation emerges from the watch hands

the levels of radiation that emerge are safe

tritium is not radioactive

34.

1 point

Radioactivity in the Earth leads to

energy for volcanoes

helium for toy ballons

choose all of the above

heat for geysers

35.

1 point

Most of the elements found on Earth were created

in the big bang

within a star

in a supernovae explosion

36.

1 point

A major reason that your body is radioactive is that

slightly contaminated by debris

you eat radioactive carbon in your food

it is made radioactive by medical xrays

you are hit by neutrinos from the sun

37.

1 point

Volcanic heat comes from

radioactive explosions

fusion deep in the earth

accumulated sunlight

the weight of rocks

38.

1 point

The mass of the nucleus is closest to

99% of that in the entire atom

1% of the atom

10^-15 of that atom

10^-5 of that atom

39.

1 point

Drinking alcohol is required to be radioactive because

it proves that it is not made of petroleum

it is healthier

shows that alcohol is aged

not required; just the opposite, alcohol for consumption must not be radioactive