Second set of MCQs

1.

1 point

When equilibrium is reached on an island, _____.

the food web will be highly stable

extinction will cease

the number of organisms does not change

ecological disturbance is minimized

the rate of species immigration will equal the rate of species extinction

2.

1 point

What happens to the number of species in a community as the area of that community increases?

None of the listed responses is correct.

he area of the community is not involved in determining the number of species present

the number of species drops

the number of species increases

the number of species does not change

3.

1 point

Which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level?

grasshopper-primary consumer

cyanobacterium-primary producer

eagle-tertiary consumer

zooplankton-primary producer

fungus-detritivore

4.

1 point

Which of these ecosystems has the lowest net primary production per square meter?

an open ocean

a grassland

a tropical rain forest

a salt marsh

a coral reef

5.

1 point

The discipline that applies ecological principles to returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state is known as

landscape ecology.

esource conservation.

restoration ecology.

conservation ecology.

6.

1 point

Nitrifying bacteria participate in the nitrogen cycle mainly by

converting ammonia to nitrogen gas, which returns to the atmosphere.

converting nitrogen gas to ammonia.

converting ammonium to nitrate, which plants absorb.

incorporating nitrogen into amino acids and organic compounds.

releasing ammonium from organic compounds, thus returning it to the soil.

7.

1 point

Which of the following has the greatest effect on the rate of chemical cycling in an ecosystem?

the trophic efficiency of the ecosystem

the location of the nutrient reservoirs in the ecosystem

the ecosystem's rate of primary production

he rate of decomposition in the ecosystem

the production efficiency of the ecosystem's consumers

8.

1 point

Which of the following would be considered an example of bioremediation?

dredging a river bottom to remove contaminated sediments

adding nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to a degraded ecosystem to increase nitrogen availability

using a bulldozer to regrade a strip mine

adding seeds of a chromium-accumulating plant to soil contaminated by chromium

reconfiguring the channel of a river

9.

1 point

If you applied a fungicide to a cornfield, what would you expect to happen to the rate of decomposition and net ecosystem production (NEP)?

Both decomposition rate and NEP would increase

Decomposition rate would decrease and NEP would increase

Neither would change.

Decomposition rate would increase and NEP would decrease

Both decomposition rate and NEP would decrease.

10.

1 point

Which of the following is an ecosystem?

all of the angelfish in your aquarium

the water, temperature, rocks, and other abiotic components of the aquarium

all of the organisms living in your aquarium and the abiotic factors with which they interact

all of the organisms living in your aquarium

ll of the angelfish on the planet

11.

1 point

Which of the following is a primary producer?

detritivores

lions

shrimp

humans

poison ivy

12.

1 point

Photosynthetic organisms are called _____.

herbivores

autotrophs

carnivores

consumers

heterotrophs

13.

1 point

When you eat an apple, you are a _____.

carnivore

detritivore

primary producer

secondary consumer

primary consumer

14.

1 point

The rate at which producers convert solar energy to the chemical energy of organic compounds, minus the energy used during respiration, is called _____.

biomass

gross primary production

standing crop

net ecosystem production

net primary production

15.

1 point

n a particular ecosystem, what value do you have if you subtract the total respiration of all organisms in that system from the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by photosynthesizers in the ecosystem?

standing crop

gross primary production

net primary production

net ecosystem production

actual evapotranspiration

16.

1 point

What are the major factors that control primary production in terrestrial ecosystems?

light and nutrients

temperature and moisture

temperature and nutrients

temperature and light

light and moisture

17.

1 point

How do iron levels affect phytoplankton populations in a marine ecosystem?

Nitrogen and phosphorus are the only known limiting nutrients in marine ecosystems.

Iron stimulates the growth of cyanobacteria, which convert atmospheric N2 to nitrogenous minerals, stimulating the growth of phytoplankton.

In the presence of too much iron, eukaryotic phytoplankton populations fall because they cannot convert atmospheric N2 to nitrogenous minerals.

Without iron, eukaryotic phytoplankton populations fall because they cannot convert atmospheric N2 to nitrogenous minerals.

Iron halts the growth of cyanobacteria, which convert atmospheric N2 to nitrogenous minerals; therefore, phytoplankton populations are limited.

18.

1 point

Eutrophication in lakes is frequently the direct result of _____.

None of the listed responses is correct.

an increase in primary consumers

industrial poisons

a diminished supply of nitrates and phosphates

nutrient enrichment such as nitrate and phosphate runoffs from land

19.

1 point

Which of the following statements is correct?

Over oceans, transpiration exceeds precipitation

Over land, evaporation and transpiration exceed precipitation.

Over land, evaporation exceeds transpiration and precipitation.

Most of Earth's water can be found in living systems.

Over oceans, evaporation exceeds precipitation

20.

1 point

The global hydrologic cycle supports a net flow of atmospheric water vapor _____.

from the oceans to land

from polar to tropical regions

from land to the oceans

from unforested to forested biome

from tropical to polar regions

21.

1 point

Which of the following is a key part of the carbon cycle?

return of CO2 to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels

assimilation of atmospheric CO2 by plant photosynthesis

All of the listed responses are correct.

return of CO2 to the atmosphere by animal and plant respiration

breakdown by decomposers of carbon-containing dead plants and anima

22.

1 point

By which process is carbon dioxide released from plants back to the atmosphere?

photosynthesis

phosphorylation

ammonification

respiration

evaporation

23.

1 point

Bacteria are especially important in making _____ available to plants.

energy

nitrogen

water

phosphorus

carbon

24.

1 point

The direct product of nitrogen fixation is _____.

N2

NO3-

NO2-

NH3

NH4+

25.

1 point

Which of the following is true of the nitrogen cycle?

Some animals can use inorganic forms of nitrogen such as ammonium.

Bacteria are not involved in the process.

Plants can take in and use atmospheric nitrogen through their leaves.

When plants and animals die, the nitrogen within their bodies becomes unavailable.

Nitrite is converted to nitrate (NO3-) by nitrifying bacteria.

26.

1 point

The use of organisms to add essential materials to degraded systems defines _____.

landscape management

biological augmentation

biostimulation

restoration ecology

27.

1 point

The main cause of the increase in the amount of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere over the past 150 years is

additional respiration by the rapidly growing human population.

increased worldwide primary production.

the burning of larger amounts of wood and fossil fuels.

increased worldwide standing crop.

an increase in the amount of infrared radiation absorbed by the atmosphere.

28.

1 point

What is the single greatest threat to biodiversity?

overharvesting of commercially important species

introduced species that compete with native specie

habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction

disruption of trophic relationships as more and more prey species become extinct e. habitat

pollution of Earth's air, water, and soil

29.

1 point

Which of the following is a consequence of biological amplification?

Toxic chemicals in the environment pose greater risk to top-level predators than to primary consumers.

The biomass of producers in an ecosystem is generally higher than the biomass of primary consumers

The amount of biomass in the producer level of an ecosystem decreases if the producer turnover time increases.

Populations of top-level predators are generally smaller than populations of primary consumers.

Only a small portion of the energy captured by producers is transferred to consumers

30.

1 point

Of the following statements about protected areas that have been established to preserve biodiversity, which one is not correct?

About 25% of Earth's land area is now protected.

Management of a protected area should be coordinated with management of the land surrounding the area.

Most protected areas are too small to protect species.

t is especially important to protect biodiversity hot spots.

National parks are one of many types of protected areas.

31.

1 point

The integration of several sciences such as ecology and genetics to sustain biological diversity at all levels is known as _____.

conservation biology

biological augmentation

ecology

bioremediation

restoration ecology

32.

1 point

Extinction is a naturally occurring phenomenon that has occurred on Earth since life began. Why are scientists so concerned about extinction now?

All of the listed responses are correct.

One of the greatest periods of mass extinction is occurring now.

Human activities are directly responsible for today's mass extinctions.

Large numbers of plant species, which form the base of terrestrial food webs, are becoming extinct

Extinction is occurring faster than ever before and faster than rates at which new species form.

33.

1 point

What are the three levels of biodiversity?

genetic, population, ecosystem

genetic, species, biome

genetic, species, ecosystem

molecular, species, ecosystem

molecular, species, biome

34.

1 point

Crop pollination, water purification, and moderation of weather extremes are just a few examples of _____.

biological augmentation

global change

bioremediation

ecosystem diversity

ecosystem services

35.

1 point

The greatest cause of extinction of species today is _____.

the greenhouse effect

global warming

predation

habitat alteration

overharvesting

36.

1 point

Which of the following threaten(s) biodiversity?

habitat alteration

global change

introduced species

All of the listed responses are correct.

overharvesting

37.

1 point

Which major threat to biodiversity has contributed to about 40% of the extinctions recorded since 1750, and is brought on by humans deliberately and accidentally?

introduced species

habitat destruction

overharvesting

acid precipitation

bioremediation

38.

1 point

Clearing a forest to create a region for grazing cattle is an example of what type of threat to biodiversity?

overharvesting

global change

introduced species

habitat loss

bioremediation

39.

1 point

What is one viable solution to help increase the effective size and genetic variation in the grizzly bear population in Yellowstone National Park?

Conservation biologists could increase genetic diversity by selectively breeding bears within the Yellowstone population that have not bred together before.

The park should be closed to humans until the bear population can revive

Conservation biologists could develop methods to help bears locate each other for breeding.

Conservation biologists could introduce just two new bears each decade from another population.

Conservation biologists could introduce another population of bears of equal size to Yellowstone

40.

1 point

Which of the following statements about edge effects is correct?

As habitats are fragmented, edge-adapted species benefit at the expense of other species that are not edge-adapted

Edges have their own set of physical conditions, which differ from those on either side.

All of the listed responses are correct.

As a habitat patch becomes progressively smaller, the percentage of the patch influenced by the edge effect increases.

They are defining features of landscapes.

41.

1 point

Which statement below about movement corridors is correct?

Corridors are especially important to species that do not migrate.

Corridors have been shown to decrease the exchange of individuals among populations

Artificial corridors such as bridges and tunnels have saved many animals from being killed crossing highways.

Lakes often serve as corridors.

Corridors have been instrumental in stopping the spread of disease.

42.

1 point

Connections between habitat fragments are referred to as _____.

movement corridors

highways

landscapes

riparian areas

zoned reserves

43.

1 point

Biodiversity hot spots are _____.

resistant to environmental degradation due to their large number of species

the same for all groups of organisms

distributed evenly throughout the biosphere

regions with the potential for high levels of extinction

regions where thermophilic species thrive

44.

1 point

How have human activities increased the supply of fixed nitrogen available to primary producers?

use of nitrogen fertilizers

increased cultivation of legumes

deliberate burning of fields

both the first and third answers

All of the listed responses are correct.

45.

1 point

_____ are the most affected by toxic compounds in the environment because _____.

Phytoplankton ... many of these compounds halt photosynthesis

Cyanobacteria ... many of these compounds prevent nitrogen fixation

Herbivores ... plants tend to store these toxic compounds in large quantities.

Primary consumers ... they consume primary producers containing the compounds

Top-level carnivores ... the biomass at any given trophic level is produced from a larger biomass ingested at the level below

46.

1 point

Which of the following is thought to be a possible consequence of rising CO2 levels?

increased vegetative productivity

more rapid warming at the equator than at the poles

increased breakdown of atmospheric ozone

falling global temperature

47.

1 point

Which of the following factors can decrease biodiversity?

narrower niches

a higher degree of habitat heterogeneity

complex population interactions

increased energy availability

introduced species

48.

1 point

Which of the following levels of organisation is arranged to the correct sequence from most to least inclusive? (Got this one from the lab manual)

ecosystem, community, population, individual

population, ecosystem, individual, community

individual, community, population, ecosystem

community, ecosystem, individual, population

individual, population, community, ecosystem

49.

1 point

I CAN'T FIND ANY MORE QUESTIONS BUT 50 IS A NICE NUMBER

no me

lol

over here

pick this one

50.

1 point

GOOD LUCK! :)

^_^

:3

:)

:D