human science

1.

1 point

which of the following has no effect on growth

ADH

cortisol

Testosterone

Thyroid hormone

2.

1 point

the triangular regions of the kidneys that are striped in appearance and separated by the renal columns are the

renal calyces

renal pyramids

renal cortex

renal pelvis

3.

1 point

Graves disease results from antibodies to the TSH receptors on the thyroid gland. which of the following are true of plasma hormone concerntration

TSH levels diminished: T3 and T4 levels elevated

TSH levels are diminished: T3 and T4 are diminished

TSH levels are elevated: T3 and T4 are elevated

TSH levels are elevated: T3 and T4 are diminished

4.

1 point

which of the following is NOT true of Gatrin?

increases gastric enzyme secretion

increases gastrointestinal motility

promotes the growth of gastro-intestinal mucosa

decreases gastric acid production

5.

1 point

cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia are cell bodies of

sensory neurones

sensory and motor neurones

interneurones

motor neurones

6.

1 point

the final relay point for ascending sensory information that will be projected to the primary sensory cortex is the

spinal cord

thalamus

hypothalamus

medulla oblongata

7.

1 point

somatomedines are a group of hormones involved in

diuresis

gluconeogensis

cell growth and division

digestion

8.

1 point

which of the following hormones leads to a DECREASE in blood glucose?

cortisol

Growth Hormone

Insulin

Glucagon

9.

1 point

with respect to reflexes which of the following statements are false?

reflexes are hard-wired

reflexes are constructed to have relatively few synapses

reflexes terminate in skeletal muscle

reflexes are usually protected

10.

1 point

which of the following qualities is associated with slow acting hormones?

binding to receptors on the surface of the target cells

being a protein hormone

Binding to plasma proteins

being a catecholamine

11.

1 point

receptors for adrenaline are noradrenaline can be found on

smooth muscle

cardiac muscle

gland cells

all of the above

12.

1 point

the blood brain barrier in the human adult

separates the cerebrospinal fluid from the interstitial fluid of the brain

restricts ions into the brain

restricts entry of lipid soluble compounds into the brain

exists only at the choroid plexus

13.

1 point

gustatory cells are stimulated by

stretch

photons of light

substances in solution

movement of otoliths

14.

1 point

the peritubular capillaries arise from the ________ which drains the glomerulus

Bowmens capsule

efferent arteriole

afferent arteriole

glomerulus

15.

1 point

which of the following does not contribute to the digestion of lipids?

bile salts

bile pigments

pancreatic lipase

phospholipids

16.

1 point

which is true of the spinal nerves?

spinal nerves may be mixed

spinal nerves may be motor

spinal nerves may be sensory

all of the above

17.

1 point

connection pathways between the left and right cerebral hemisphere form the

limbic system

brain stem

corpus callosum

thalamus

18.

1 point

water is absorbed AGAINST its strongest concentration gradient in

the stomach

the mouth

the small intestines

the large intestines

19.

1 point

regarding the control of water balance in the kidneys

a normal person cannot produce urine with osmolarity greateer than 300mOsmol.kg

antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to a decrease in osmolarity of the blood

the renal medulla has an osmotic gradient that decreases from the border with the cortex to the renal papilla

antidiurectic hormone acts on the P cells of the collecting ducts to increase their permeability to water

20.

1 point

Excessive secretion of growth hormones by the pituitary gland in adult only result in

grave disease

Acromegaly

gigantism

cretinism

21.

1 point

sympathetic stimulation results in

all of the above

relaxation of the bronchial muscle

increased heart rate

decreased motility of the stomach

22.

1 point

coordination of learnt movement patterns at the sub-consious level is preformed by the

cerebellum

associated fibres

basal ganglia

hypothalamus

23.

1 point

The tube connecting the renal hilus of the kidney to the bladder is the

urethra

ureter

collecting duct

distal convoluted tubule

24.

1 point

urine passes through the ureters by which mechanism?

suction

peristalsis

ciliary action

gravity alone

25.

1 point

Enzymes and bile are carried by the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the

large intestine

duodenum

jejunum

ileum

26.

1 point

the basilar membrane of the inner ear

detects rotational acceleration

detects the pitch and amplitude of the sound

detects linear acceleration

detects the direction from which the sound comes

27.

1 point

Into which part of the intestine does the liver and pancreas drain?

colon

ileum

duodenum

jejumen

28.

1 point

with regards to the kidneys, what is the glomerulus

capillaries

the renal tubule

a nephron

bowmens capsule

29.

1 point

at rest the plasma membrane of neurones is

more permeable to potassium than to sodium

more permeable to sodium than to potassium

equally permeable to sodium and potassium

impermeable to sodium than to potassium

30.

1 point

in a normal healthy ear

the middle of the ear is air filled, the inner ear is fluid filled

the middle ear is fluid filled the inner ear is fluid filled

the middle ear is fluid filled the inner ear is air filled

the middle ear is air filled the inner ear is air filled

31.

1 point

which of these is a synapse?

all of the above

the junction between a neurone and a muscle

the junction between a neurone and a gland

the junction between a neurone and another neurone

32.

1 point

with respect to spinal reflexes

every reflex involves a synapse in the dorsal root ganglion

every reflex involves at least one synapse in the spinal cord

reflexes may be elicited if the dorsal roots are cut

the response only ever leads to the contraction of one muscle

33.

1 point

which of the following are released from the ANTERIOR pituitary?

TRH ( Thyrotropin releasing hormones)

Glucagon

Oxytocin

ADH

34.

1 point

the eye contains two distinct sets of photoreceptors, the rods and the cones. which of the following is an incorrect statement

the terminals of the optic nerve fibres directly innervate the photoreceptors

the rod system is specialised to respond in low levels of illumination

the highest density of rods is found in the peripheral retina

an individual without cones is colour blinde

35.

1 point

the olfactory bulb forms part of which system in the brain?

limbic system

homeostatis system

basal nuclei system

reticular activating system

36.

1 point

Bile salts are absorbed primarily in

the jujunum

the caecum

the lleum

the duodenum

37.

1 point

what effect would vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus have?

an increase in sodium production

a increase in ultrafiltrate production

a decrease in renin seretion

a decrease in ultrafiltrate production

38.

1 point

with respect to the parasympathetic nervous system, which of the following is FALSE

has ganglia near to the spinal cord

is the 'cranial-sacral' division of the autonomic nervous system

is termed the 'rest and digest' system

may terminate in axons that release acetyl choline

39.

1 point

in an adult with loss of function of the left hemisphere there is likely to be

an involuntary tremor on the right side of the body

loss of sensation on the left side of the body

a paralysis of voluntary movement on the right side of the body

normal speech

40.

1 point

the negative feedback system for temperature control originates from the

hypothalamus

limbic system

frontal lobe

brain stem

41.

1 point

which of the following STIMULATES gastric acid production?

Drinking a glass of milk

Taking a histamine (H2) receptor blocker

cutting the vagus nerve branch which serves the stomach

taking a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

42.

1 point

which of the following is NOT an effect of aldosterone?

increase in potassium on concerntration

increase in sodium ion excretion

higher blood pressure

increase in water retention

43.

1 point

A hormone that is bound to a plasma protein

is inactive in its bound state

is rapidly removed from the blood by the kidneys

rapidly stimulates its target cells

has a rapidly short life

44.

1 point

Blood from the capillaries in the wall of the small intestine drain into

the renal vein

the hepatic portal vein

the femoral vein

the subclavain vein

45.

1 point

Dynamic equilibrium receptors are found in the

vestibule

cochlea

semi-circular canal

malleus

46.

1 point

concerning the central nervous system

on its transit from the blood plasma to the nearones of the brain, oxygen must cross the blood brain barrier

nerve fibres from a cutaneous receptor projects directly and without synaptic relay to the somatosensory region of the cerebral cortex

if a part of the central nervous system is destroyed by disease, it is replaced by division of nerve cells in neighbouring regions of brain tissue

glial cells are filled with extracellular fluid

47.

1 point

which is true of the cranial nerves

cranial nerves may be sensory only

all of the above

cranial nerves may be mixed

cranial nerves may be motor only

48.

1 point

which of the following are released from the adrenal medulla?

Glucocorticoids

Adrenal Androgens

Mineralocorticoids

Catecholamines

49.

1 point

the primary function of the small intestine is

waste secretion

vitamin conversion

absorption of nutrients

absorption of water

50.

1 point

regarding the kidneys, the percentage of filtrate eventually reabsorbed into the bloodstream is closest to

80%

99%

50%

25%