LC Practice Exam

1.

2 points

Which of the following statements represents a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, a process that requires a complex inner-membrane system.

Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not

Prokaryotes are generally larger in size than eukaryotes.

Eukaryotic cells tend to have much more extensive inner membrane systems and larger numbers of intracellular organelles than do prokaryotes.

2.

2 points

Which of the following is not a characteristic that chloroplasts and mitochondria share?

they both have their own DNA

they both have multiple membranes

they are both capable of reproducing themselves

they are both part of the endomembrane system

3.

2 points

In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes usually ____.

lack any cell membranes

are more structurally complex

are larger

are smaller

4.

2 points

Water has a high specific heat because of the _____.

hydrogen bond formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule

hydrogen bond formed between the hydrogens of each water molecule

covalent bond formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule

ionic bonds formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule

5.

2 points

Which of the following is not included in all DNA molecules?

Phosphate groups

nitrogenous base

Ribose

phosphodiester linkage

6.

2 points

Compare proteins to nucleic acids. Which of the following is true?

both have primary and secondary structure

both take on structural roles in the cell

both contain sulfur

monomers of both contain phosphorus

7.

2 points

You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved?

tertiary structure

primary structure

secondary structure

quarternary structure

8.

2 points

Which of the following statements would best describe a cell that has an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

It synthesizes large quantities of lipids.

It is able to both import and export protein molecules.

It actively exports protein molecules.

It plays a role in storage.

9.

2 points

A solution with a pH of 5 has how many more protons in it than a solution with a pH of 7?

5 times

100 times

1000 times

10 times

10.

2 points

All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?

plant cell walls

intermediate filaments

microtubules

microfilaments

11.

2 points

The R groups of amino acids _____.

are identical in differet types of amino acids

may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic

are always charged

only contain C, H, and O

12.

2 points

Which of these best reflects the following relationship: monosaccharide versus polysaccharide?

1,4-glycosidic linkage versus 1,6-glycosidic linkage

alpha-linkage versus beta-linkage

glucose versus glycogen

glucose versus fructose

13.

2 points

When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?

ionic

hydrogen

nonpolar

polar

14.

2 points

Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires energy). Yet, when they put everything together, there was no movement or transport of vesicles. What were they missing?

contractile microfilaments

an axon

motor proteins

endoplasmic reticulum

15.

2 points

If you change the number of neutrons in an atom, you create _____.

different element

cation

isotope

anion

16.

2 points

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

Golgi Apparatus

vacuole

peroxisome

lysosome

17.

2 points

What process will result in the release of fatty acids from triglycerides?

denaturation

hydrolysis

dehydration

hydrophobic interaction

18.

2 points

How many electrons are involved in a single covalent bond?

4

1

3

2

19.

2 points

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells?

chloroplast

lysosome

central vacuole

peroxisome

20.

2 points

What type of interaction is directly responsible for the formation of secondary structure?

peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids

hydrogen bonds between sections of the polypeptide backbone

peptide bonds between nonadjacent amino acids

hydrogen bonds between side chains of amino acids

21.

2 points

Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess

non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.

inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.

inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.

non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.

22.

2 points

Why is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum unable to synthesize proteins?

because there is no supply of free amino acids that it can easily access

because it stores calcium which is a known inhibitor of protein synthesis

because it has no DNA to direct synthesis of proteins

because it has no ribosomes

23.

2 points

Where are the proteins that will be exported (excreted) from the cell made?

in ribosomes that attach to the Golgi Complex

in free ribosomes

in ribosomes that attach to the outer mitochondrial membrane

in ribosomes that attach to the endoplasmic reticulum

24.

2 points

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

Golgi Apparatus

smooth ER

rough ER

nuclear envelope

25.

2 points

Which of the following do starch and cellulose have in common?

the size of their monosaccharide subunits

the type of glycosidic linkage used

the amount of hydrogen bonding that occurs between parallel strands

their main function in plants

26.

2 points

Which of the following statements about cells is true?

Characteristic of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic organisms

Characteristic of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

Always contain a nucleus

Only found in multiples of two, because single cells cannot exist independently

27.

2 points

Which of the following observations is the strongest argument in favor of the hypothesis that protein structure and function are correlated?

Proteins have four distinct levels of structure and many functions.

Denatured (unfolded) proteins do not function normally.

Enzymes tend to be globular in shape.

Proteins function best at certain temperatures.

28.

2 points

What do phospholipids and triglycerides have in common?

They both have three fatty acids.

They both have a glycerol backbone.

They both contain serine or some other organic compound.

They both have a phosphate.

29.

2 points

You isolate a molecule and determine it is nonpolar. Based on this property, the molecule is largely composed of the elements _____.

nitrogen and hydrogen

carbon and hydrogen

carbon and nitrogen

carbon and oxygen

30.

2 points

Which one of the following is not a component of each monomer used to make proteins?

an amino functional group, NH2

a side chain, R

a phosphorus atom, P

a carboxyl group, COOH

31.

2 points

Saturated fats contain only ____ bonds and an example is ____, while unsaturated fats contain at least one ____ bond and an example is ____

single, butter, double, olive oil

single, olive oil, double, butter

double, olive oil, single, butter

double, butter, single, olive oil

32.

2 points

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

the need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell's metabolic needs

rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion

evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes

limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases

33.

2 points

A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this morning. He asks for your help. You say that you think the battery must be dead, and that if so, then jump-starting the car from a good battery will solve the problem. In doing so, you are ____.

stating both s specific hypothesis about why the car won't start and a prediction of the hypothesis

only stating a hypothesis for why the car won't start

performing an experimental test of a hypothesis for why the car won't start

searching for observations that might inspire a hypothesis for why the car won't startq

34.

2 points

Carbon is an important element for biology because _____.

carbon is so rare, organisms conserve it highly

of the variety of carbon skeletons and functional groups that can be built on them

it has the ability to form six covalent bonds

it has very high electronegativity and forms highly stable bonds