Chapter 17

25. What is the FIRST method that you should use to control external hemorrhage?

27. Increasing the resistance against which the heart MUST pump blood will directly:

3. A patient goes into cardiac arrest at 11:40 A.M. Which one of the following treatment descriptions gives the patient the BEST chance for recovery?

17. Your service has a new AED. During the in-service on the new device, the instructor informs you that it is a semi-automated AED and uses a biphasic wave form, as opposed to the monophasic form used by the previous AED. As a knowledgeable AEMT, you should recognize that:

33. Your patient is a 17-year-old teenager involved in a one-vehicle rollover. The patient is complaining of chest pain and, upon inspection, he exhibits bruising and tenderness to the area. You suspect internal hemorrhage and treat appropriately. The patient appears nervous and has increasing respirations and pulse rates. The blood pressure is within normal limits, and the level of consciousness is maintaining itself. This tells you that profusion of the brain is taking place. Which stage of shock would you consider this patient to be in?

32. The baroreceptors that recognize hypotension due to blood loss and signal the medulla oblongata are located in the:

26. Once applied, you should NOT remove a ________; otherwise, toxins will be released directly into the patient's bloodstream.

20. Which of the following statements regarding chest compressions is TRUE?

31. Your patient is a young man who was the unrestrained driver of a car that struck a telephone pole. He is unconscious, has no external bleeding, and is breathing erratically. His blood pressure is 76/50, pulse rate present only at his carotid is 130 and weak. What stage of shock is the patient in?

23. In which step of the clotting process does the smooth muscle contract, reducing the lumen and strength of blood flow through the vessel?

38. Which one of the following statements made by a patient's family member would cause the AEMT to suspect that a patient is suffering from hypovolemic shock?

14. The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute is referred to as:

A condition in which fatty plaque builds up in arteries, eventually narrowing the lumen and restricting blood flow is called:

9. You have been called to a public pool for an unresponsive patient. On arrival you find lifeguards performing CPR with a pocket mask and oxygen on a 67-year-old man. They report that the patient was in the water and was seen clutching his chest seconds before going unresponsive. He was immediately pulled from the water and CPR was initiated. They estimate that CPR has been performed for five minutes. Assessment shows the man to be unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Which one of the following is your FIRST response?

19. Which of the following statements about defibrillator pad placement is FALSE?

36. Your patient is a 24-year-old woman who was involved in an MVC and struck the steering wheel with her chest. Upon your arrival, she is alert, but restless. Her pulse is rapid and weak, with a respiratory rate of 26 per minute, and blood pressure is 130/64. En route to the hospital, your patient becomes unresponsive, with a heart rate of 40 and blood pressure of 60/30. At this point, in what stage of shock is the patient?

7. A seven-year-old boy choked on a grape at school. By the time the obstruction was removed, assessment revealed him to be in cardiac arrest. When you arrive, teachers are performing CPR. The school nurse informs you that CPR has been in progress for six minutes. You have an AED, but do not have a pediatric conversion device that reduces the energy of defibrillation from that of an adult to that of a child. Which one of the following should you do immediately?

Which one of the following statements about an abdominal aortic aneurysm is TRUE?

30. Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding pneumatic anti-shock garments (PASG)?

18. As you arrive at a metal scrap yard for an unknown medical emergency, you observe a male patient supine on the ground with AED electrodes on his chest. The AED operator has just ordered coworkers to clear the patient because the AED is going to shock. Within seconds, the AED delivers a shock without the operator pressing a "shock" button. The AEMT should recognize what type of AED?

40. Which one of the following conditions could be responsible for causing obstructive shock?

Management of the responsive adult patient with a history acute heart failure who presents with respiratory distress with pulmonary edema, respiratory rate of 32, and SpO2 of 88 percent includes:

42. A patient has been involved in a very serious motor vehicle collision and is in shock. Your assessment findings indicate that he sustained blunt trauma to the abdominal and pelvic areas. From what type of shock would this patient be suffering?

5. You have arrived on the scene of a 44-year-old man in cardiac arrest. According to family, the patient has a cardiac history and was complaining of chest pain most of the morning. They state that it has been about 10 minutes since he collapsed. To maximize the patient's opportunity for a successful outcome, which one of the following is the MOST important intervention that the EMT can make immediately?

10. Which one of the following cardiac arrest rhythms is the AED designed to shock?

4. Which one of the following is a benefit of the automated external defibrillator?

You are transporting a patient who had an episode of chest pain. You administered two doses of nitroglycerin which relieved the patient’s pain. He asks you why the nitroglycerin alleviated the pain. Which of the following is the BEST answer to his question?

22. You respond to a motor vehicle collision in which a 22-year-old woman has suffered several cuts. You determine that the airway is patent and the patient is breathing adequately. The patient's blood pressure is maintaining at a stable level, and you estimate that she has lost approximately 10 percent of her circulating blood volume. She is alert and oriented but seems nervous. From these findings, you would determine that your patient is in ________ hemorrhage.

11. Which one of the following statements about the heart rhythm of ventricular fibrillation is TRUE?

16. Which of the following statements about return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is TRUE?

41. You are assessing an elderly patient with a decreased level of consciousness. Your assessment reveals the patient to have a patent airway, labored respirations, and weak, rapid pulses. The skin is pale, cool, and cyanotic in the extremities. You also observe diaphoresis and a delayed capillary refill. Vital signs for this patient are: heart rate of 136 bpm, blood pressure of 66/40 mmHg, and respirations 40 and shallow. Auscultation of the lungs reveals profound crackles located throughout each lung. His temperature is 99°F. There is obvious JVD and pedal edema. Additionally, family states that the patient has an extensive cardiac and diabetic history. Based on this information you should suspect what kind of shock?

24. The phase of blood clotting in which fibrin is released normally takes 7 to 10 minutes to complete. This is called the:

12. You respond to a 25-year-old man involved in a farm accident. Upon arrival, you see that your patient has suffered a partial amputation of the leg. The wound is bleeding profusely. The patient is unconscious, pale, and clammy. Vitals are respiration 24, pulse 110, and blood pressure 90/60. You control the bleeding and take spinal immobilization precautions. Your next step should be to treat this patient for:

39. The AEMT knows that the cause underlying distributive shock is:

6. The AED should never be applied to a patient who is NOT in cardiac arrest because some patients in:

Which of the following patient medications would lead you to suspect your patient suffers from heart failure?

21. Which of the following is responsible for the second step of the clotting process?

35. The stage of shock in which the body is still able to meet its critical metabolic needs through a progressive series of actions is called:

34. You have a patient with suspected internal bleeding and cool, clammy, ashen skin. Her blood pressure starts to fall, and her level of consciousness is rapidly dropping. Which stage of shock would you consider this patient to be in?

8. After analyzing a cardiac arrest patient's heart rhythm, the AED provides a "Deliver shock" message. After clearing the patient, the AEMT's next step should be to:

The AEMT should recognize the cause of heart failure is:

28. Upon arrival on scene, you find a seven-year-old boy struck by a car. He has an altered level of consciousness and is exhibiting signs of shock. How much fluid would you administer initially?

1. The body's transition between normal function and death is called:

13. You arrive on the scene to find a 20-year-old woman with a recent history of drug use. She is breathing at a rate of six breaths per minute and withdraws to pain. What is your FIRST priority in treating this patient?

37. The major categories of shock include:

15. The three components of the circulatory system are:

29. The AEMT understands that when paramedics and AEMTs administer IV fluids as treatment for hemorrhagic shock, the fluids will:

2. Which of the following patients should NOT receive any resuscitation attempts?

Your patient is extremely hypertensive with a diastolic reading of over 130 mmHg. He complains of a severe headache, vomiting, and dizziness. You should suspect: