Material and Corrosion in Refineries 2

What conditions are required for rusting to take place?

Cooling water corrosion can result in many different forms of damage including general corrosion, pitting corrosion, ________, stress corrosion cracking and fouling.

Which is often found in moisture and can accelerate the corrosive effect?

Coating of Zn, Al and Cd on steel are _________ , because their electrode potentials are lower:

Corrosion is a chemical reaction that involves

_________ is the result of cyclic stress caused by variations in temperature

Which of the following can cause biochemical corrosion?

Which type of corrosion is usually the principal form of attack on ESD-sensitive equipment?

Which of the following metals would protect iron by electrons flowing to the iron

What type of cleaner removes heavy dirt and oil?

Corrosion is a chemical reaction that involves

With CUI, corrosion rates __________ with increasing metal temperatures up to the point where the water evaporates quickly.

Conversion of Fe to Fe2+ is:

Hydrochloric acid corrosion is a general and localized corrosion and is very aggressive to most common materials of construction. Damage in refineries is often associated with dew point corrosion in which vapors containing _______ and hydrogen chloride condense from the overhead stream of a distillation, fractionation, or stripping tower.

Required potential for protecting metal / alloy can be obtained from its _______:

Ferroxyl indicator changes colour in the presence of Fe2+ ions.

Inspection for wet H2S damage generally focuses on _____ and ______.

Al is _________ than Zn

With CO² corrosion, increasing temperatures _________ corrosion rates up to the point where CO² is vaporized.

Pitting corrosion can be characterized as

What conditions are required for rusting to take place?

Amine stress corrosion cracking is a term applied to the cracking of steels under the combined actions of ________ and __________ in aqueous alkanolamine systems used to remove/absorb H²S and/or CO² and their mixtures from various gas and liquid hydrocarbon streams.

Which of the following materials is susceptible to CO² corrosion?

With hydrofluoric acid corrosion, corrosion rates increase with _______ temperatures and ______ HF concentrations

_________ is the process of coating Fe or steel with a zinc coating:

Coating applied must be chemically __________ to the environment:

__________ is used for producing a coating of low melting metal such as Zn, Sn, Pb, Al on Fe, steel and Cu

_________ corrosion rates are found in a gas oil desulfurizers and hydrocrackers than naphtha desulfurizers and hydrocrackers by a factor of almost “2”.

What type of protection is galvanising?

Reduction in over voltage of corroding metal / alloy accelerates the _________:

Parts above and closely adjacent to waterline are _______

Hydrogen blisters may form as surface bulges on the ID, the OD on within the wall thickness of a pipe or pressure vessel. Blistering occurs from hydrogen generated by ______, not hydrogen gas from the process stream.

Rusting is a special term, given to the corrosion of which metal.

Anodic reaction involves dissolution of metal as corresponding metallic ions with liberation of _______

With chloride stress corrosion cracking, __________ temperatures ________ the susceptibility for cracking.

Fe or steel is ____ with respect to copper:

Cooling water corrosion is a concern with water-cooled __________ and cooling towers in all applications across all industries.

When objects (gates) are galvanised, what metal is used to protect the iron.

________ has been a major problem on coke drum shells

General or localized corrosion of carbon steels and other metals caused by dissolved salts, gases, organic compounds or microbiological activities is called ________.

Zn is more ________ than Fe:

Corrosion rates of the anode will be less affected if there is a _________ anode to cathode ratio.

What is the most important element of the (Corrosion Preventing Control Program) CPCP?

More active metal used in sacrificial anodic protection method is known as:

Corrosion is a process reverse of ______ of metal

________ is a form of erosion caused by the formation and instantaneous collapse of innumerable tiny vapor bubbles.

Corrosion process is nothing but ________

Corrosion is the deterioration

Identify the group which is not used as anodic inhibitor:

Which of the following alkanolamine systems is the most aggressive in causing amine corrosion