bio quiz 1

1.

1 point

Fibrous tissue that anchors the valves and prevents electrical signals direct access to ventricular muscle mass, is called the:

cardiac skeleton

voltage regulator

cardiac insulator

cardiac separator

2.

1 point

Is there collateral circulation in the coronary arteries?

Complete

None

Inadequate

Yes, but only in the British

3.

1 point

Oxygen for cardiac muscle is mostly supplied by:

coronary arteries

heart chambers directly

coronary veins

coronary sinus

4.

1 point

Most of the muscle mass of the heart is located in which chamber?

Left Ventricle

Left Atrium

Right Ventricle

Right Atrium

5.

1 point

Which of the following statements is true?

Pulmonary vascular resistance is equal to systemic resistance.

Pulmonary vasculature is a high-pressure, high-resistance circulation.

Pulmonary vasculature is a low-pressure, low-resistance circulation.

Systemic vascular resistance is less than pulmonary vascular resistance.

6.

1 point

Myocardium is formed of: I contractile fiber unit II pacemaker fibers III conducting fibers IV. depolarizing valves

I, III, & IV

I, II, & III

I & IV only

II & III only

7.

1 point

Which of the following describes a syncytium?

All muscle nerves act synchronously

All heart valves act simultaneously

All muscle fibers act like a single unit

Muscle fibers act as independent units

8.

1 point

A slight enlargement of the aortic artery base allows for the aortic semilunar valves to recede but occludes which arteries?

Coronary

pulmonary

aortic

Carotid

9.

1 point

The point of maximal impact (PMI) will shift in which direction with a left tension pneumothorax?

Medially

Caudally

Laterally

Rostrally

10.

1 point

Serum is:

plasma minus hemoglobin

plasma minus albumin

plasma minus fibrinogen

plasma minus globulin

11.

1 point

The chordae tendinae are attached to papillary muscles. They prevent regurgitation by tethering:

the aorta

the pulmonic valve

The atrioventricular valves

the aortic valve

12.

1 point

All or none law refers to:

maximal muscle response once threshold stimulus is applied.

the three musketeers code.

variable muscle response unrelated to stimulus applied.

linear muscle response proportional to stimulus as applied.

13.

1 point

What are the major branches of the left coronary artery? I Posterior descending II. Circumflex III. Left anterior descending

II & III

I & III

I, II, & III

II

14.

1 point

Cardiac output equation is:

CO = SV/HR

CO = SV x HR

CO = HR + SV

CO = CI - 2

15.

1 point

Which of the following represent the normal order of structures encountered by blood flowing through the vena cava to the aorta?

RA, tricuspid valve, RV, aortic valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, LA, mitral valve, LV, pulmonary valve.

RA, tricuspid valve, RV, pulmonary valve, pulmonary veins, pulmonary artery, LA, mitral valve, LV, aortic valve.

RA, tricuspid valve, LV, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, LA, mitral valve, RV, aortic valve.

RA, tricuspid valve, RV, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, LA, mitral valve, LV, aortic valve.

16.

1 point

The point of maximal impact (PMI) can be felt at the:

Second intercostal space and the left midclavicular line.

Fifth intercostal space and the right midclavicular line.

Fifth intercostal space and the left midclavicular line.

Second rib and midsternal line.

17.

1 point

Experimental evidence to prove the SA node is a pacemaker includes: I. stimulation of SA node raises heart rate. II. cooling of SA node slows the heart rate. III. warming the SA node increases the heart rate. IV. electrical activity is first noted in the SA node.

I & III only

I, II, & IV

I & IV

I, II, III, & IV

18.

1 point

What is the ability of myocardial tissue to depolarize spontaneously?

Automaticity

Contractility

Conductivity

Excitability

19.

1 point

Another term for "afterload" is:

SVRI

SVR

PVR

PVRI

20.

1 point

What effect would very high heart rate have on ventricular stroke volume?

Decrease it

Increases it

No change

Only atrial stroke volume would be affected

21.

1 point

The underlying goal of the body's cardiovascular control mechanisms is to ensure that all tissues receive which of the following?

Blood flow according to their size.

Equivalent amounts of blood flow.

Perfusion according to their metabolic needs.

Blood flow according to their mass.

22.

1 point

Which of the following blood vessels have the largest cross-sectional and surface area?

Arteries

Capillaries

Aorta

Veins

23.

1 point

Resistance to blood flow is: I. directly proportional to the length of the vessel. II. increases by 16 when a vessel's radius decreases by a factor of 2. III. directly proportional to the viscosity of the blood. IV. indirectly proportional to the blood type.

I & III only

!, II, III, & IV

II & IV only

I, II, & III

24.

1 point

The highest velocity of blood is in the:

Veins

Capillaries

Aorta

Venules

25.

1 point

Before draining into the right atrium, where do the large veins of the coronary circulation gather?

Left posterior coronary vein

Right coronary sulcus

Coronary sinus

Thesbian Vein

26.

1 point

Tissue layers making up the heart wall include which of the following? I. Epicardium II. Myocardium III. Endocardium

III

II & III

II

I, II, & III

27.

1 point

The first arteries branching off the aorta are:

Brachiocephalic

Coronary

Subclavian

Carotid

28.

1 point

Another term for "preload" is:

end-diastolic volume

end-systolic volume

pre-systolic volume

pre-diastolic volume

29.

1 point

The fossa ovalis is located:

at the interventricular septa

at the interatrial septa

between the atria & the ventricles

none of these apply

30.

1 point

The mitral (bicuspid) valve does which of the following? I. Separates the right atrium and right ventricle. II. Prevents atrial backflow during ventricular contraction. III. Separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. IV. Separates the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

II & III

I & III

II

I

31.

1 point

Which of the following mechanisms facilitates venous return to the heart? I. Thoracic pump mechanism II. Sympathetic venomotor tone III. Cardiac suction IV. Skeletal muscle contraction.

I & II

II & IV

I, II, III, & IV

II, III, & IV

32.

1 point

Which of the following blood vessels contain the highest proportion of blood in the cardiovascular system?

Capillaries

Veins

Arterioles

Arteries

33.

1 point

Ventricular filling mostly happens:

by strong ventricular contraction

by chance

by strong atrial contraction

by passive filling

34.

1 point

Narrowing of the mitral valve (mitral stenosis) results in which of the following? I. Increased resistance to blood flow (ejection) II. Increased upstream vascular pressures (backpressure) III. Increased pulmonary capillary pressure and engorgement.

II

II & III

I & II

I, II, & III

35.

1 point

The first and second heart sounds are caused by:

Blood flow into right and left ventricles sequentially.

AV valve closure and semilunar valve closure respectively.

Blood flow into aorta and pulmonary artery intermittently.

AV valves opening and semilunar valves opening respectively.

36.

1 point

Mixing of venous blood with arterial blood (a right-to-left shunt) occurs normally because of which of the following?

Congenial cardiac defects

the hepatic portal circulation

Thesbian venous drainage to the heart

A left dominant coronary circulation

37.

1 point

What are Thebesian veins?

Parts of the bronchial veins.

Parts of the pulmonary veins.

Small veins in all heart chambers that directly open to the cavity of the chambers.

Veins found in Italian/Roman people.

38.

1 point

Physical compression of the heart in CPR, in order to artificially circulate blood, is possible only because the heart is trapped between:

sternum and mediastinum

sternum & vertebral column

parietal and visceral pericardia

mediastinum & vertebral column

39.

1 point

Electrical activity first starts in the:

SA node

Bundle zone

Purkinje fibers

AV node

40.

1 point

Properties of cardiac muscle include: I. Excitability II. Rhythmicity III. Conductivity IV. Contractility

I, II, III, & IV

I, II, & III only

I, II & IV

II & IV

41.

1 point

By what means is poorly oxygenated blood distributed to the lungs?

Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary arteries

Bronchial arteries

Superior vena cava

42.

1 point

The pulmonary artery catheter is also known as: (Choose all that apply).

Swan-Ganz

Quadruple channel

PAC

Picc line

43.

1 point

At rest myocardial cells extract what percentage of oxygen from its arterial blood supply?

25%

70%

100%

0%

44.

1 point

1. The apex of the heart lies above the diaphragm at a level corresponding to which intercostal space?

Third left

Fifth left

Third right

Fifth right

45.

1 point

The semilunar (pulmonic and aortic) valves do which of the following? I. Separate the ventricles from their arterial outflow tracts. II. Prevent arterial backflow during ventricular relaxation. III. Consist of three half-moon or crescent-shaped cups.

I & II

I, II, & III

II

II & III

46.

1 point

Define Rhythmicity:

a form of birth control

the ability of a tissue to produce its own impulses regularly

gone with Michael Jackson

check how you walk-you may have it.

47.

1 point

The branches of the Left Coronary Artery normally supply which areas of the heart? I Most of the interventricular septum. II Most of the left ventricle III. Most of the left atrium IV. The sinus node

II, III & IV

I, III, & IV

I, II, & III

II & III

48.

1 point

Myocardial hypoxia results in:

no change in coronary blood flow

decreased coronary blood flow

increased aortic blood flow

increased coronary blood flow

49.

1 point

What is the inner layer of the loose membranous sac that encloses the heart?

Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

Parietal Pericardium

50.

1 point

The lowest blood pressure is in:

the venae cava

the pulmonary veins

the pulmonary artery

the aorta