BIO quiz 2

Why are the vessels of the venous system, particularly the small venules and veins, termed capacitance vessels?

☼ A blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg has been obtained from a patient being weaned from the ventilator. The patient's mean arterial pressure is:

The greatest pressure decrease in circulation occurs across arterioles because:

Central control of vasomotor tone (including both neural innervation and humoral factors) is mainly through action on the musculature of which of the following? I. Arterioles (resistance vessels) II. Veins (capacitance vessels) III. Microcirculation (exchange vessels).

Which portion of the nervous system is mainly responsible for the central control of blood flow?

A 50 year old female is found by arteriography to have a 50% narrowing of her left renal artery. What is the expected change in blood flow through the stenotic artery?

The tendency for blood flow to be turbulent is increased by:

Viscosity or internal resistance, increases with hematocrit and hemoglobin, but is a factor only in laminar flow. External or vessel resistance is the greater factor that causes turbulent flow.

Change in the rate of cardiac contractions is affected primarily by changes in which of the following?

A persons ECG has no P waves but normal QRS complex and T waves. Therefore the pacemaker is located in:

What does the Frank-Starling Law of the heart state?

☼ The RT working in ICU is attempting to measure the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) on a patient on mechanical ventilation. When should he record the PCWP?

A life threatening drop in BP is called:

In which of the following organs is CO2 the dominant parameter to regulate local blood?

Cardiac muscle contraction is the result of which of the following ionic mechanisms?

What is the approximate normal resting cardiac output for a healthy adult?

Due to an abundance of elastic fibers, the aorta acts as reservoir that converts phasic/pulsatile blood flow into continuous blood flow. This is referred to as the Windkessel Effect.

Significant loss of blood volume causes increase in which of the following? I. Vascular tone II. Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) III. Heart rate.

The main reason blood constantly circulates is because of:

In which of the following situations is the pulmonary blood flow greater than the aortic blood flow?

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, or cardiac output?

☼ Which of the following should concern an RT assisting a physician with insertion of an arterial line?

Which receptor mediates slowing of the heart?

If the ejection fraction increases there will a decrease in:

Which of the following factors determine cardiac stroke volume? I. Ventricular preload II. Ventricular afterload III. Ventricular contractility.

All of the following are parts of the cardiac conduction system except:

Variations in blood flow in the coronary arteries of the heart are governed primarily by which of the following? I. Local metabolite control II. Sympathetic control mechanisms. III. Central neural innervation.

☼ A 24-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe diarrhea. When supine her BP is 90/60 and her heart rate is 100 bpm. If she is made upright her heart rate increases to 120 bpm. Which of the following explains the increase in heart rate?

In order to function effectively, the central cardiovascular control mechanism must receive signals regarding changes in blood volume or pressure. From where do these signals come?

The systemic arterioles regulate blood flow through different areas of the body by which of the following mechanisms?

Variations in blood flow to the brain are governed primarily by which of the following?

☼ The RT is monitoring hemodynamic pressures from an pulmonary artery catheter (PAC). Which of the following data will the PAC provide? A. pulmonary artery pressure B. mixed venous blood gas sample C. pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) D. mean arterial pressure.

What is the normal cardiac ejection fraction?

Which of the following ECG segments represents depolarization of the ventricles?

☼ You are monitoring hemodynamic values in a patient by reading the transducer pressures. The transducer is a pressure reading device that is outside the patient, mounted on an IV pole, but reads pressures inside the patient's heart. It should be positioned at the same level as the right ventricle, by using a spirit bubble level (like the one used by contractors), by finding the point at the fifth intercostal space and half AP diameter (also called the phlebostatic axis). Placement of the transducer below the phlebostatic axis will:

Which of the following is true of the force against which the left ventricle must pump? I. Referred to as left ventricular afterload II. Equivalent to systemic vascular resistance. III. Helps to determine left ventricular stroke volume.

Why is blood flow slowest in the capillaries?

Where are the "central centers" responsible for regulating the cardiovascular system located?

☼ A respiratory therapist discovers that a patient, who has severe vascular disease, has QRS complexes on the monitor, but no palpable pulse. The automated blood pressure is 40/0 mmHg. Which of the following is most appropriate?

Aortic and pulmonic valve closure causes the second heart sound. During inspiration a slight separation (splitting) of the second heart sound occurs, since the aortic valve in fact closes slightly ahead of the pulmonic valve.

During the latter stages of ventricular relaxation, the pressures in their chambers drop below those of the atria. This results in which of the following? I. Opening of the AV valves. II. Rapid ventricular filling III. A rapid drop in atrial pressures

Which receptor mediates constriction of arteriolar smooth muscle?

The tendency for edema to occur will be increased by:

Central or extrinsic control of the cardiovascular system occurs through the action of which of the following?
I. Autonomic nervous system
II. Circulating humoral agents
III. Local metabolites

Which of the following influences blood return through the venous circulation into the right atrium?

☼ The RT performing oxygen rounds in the coronary care unit, checks on a patient who is on 4-liter nasal canula for oxygen. The patient is not responsive. She notices that ECG monitor shows a VFib pattern. Which of the following actions should she take?

The systolic/diastolic arterial blood pressure of a normal adult male is about ____.

A 30 year old female patient's ECG shows two P waves preceding each QRS complex. The correct interpretation of this pattern is:

What is the primary function of local or intrinsic cardiovascular control mechanisms? I. Alter local blood flow according to tissue needs. II. Maintain a basal level of systemic vascular tone. III. Alter the rate of cardiac contractions.

Myocardial contractility is best correlated with intracellular concentration of: