Final Exam 1

1.

1 point

This type of argument aims for the certainty of the conclusion.

Deductive Argument

Inductive Argument

2.

1 point

Is free will possible if indeterminism is the case?

Yes- since it is not deterministic there is a chance that we make our own choices since the swerve introduces an element of indeterminacy into the equation.

No- we would have to be in control of the swerve for it to count as free will

3.

1 point

Being a whale is an ______ property to something being an orca.

Essential- If it were not a whale it could not be an orca

Accidental- It could still be an orca even if it were not a whale

4.

1 point

What are the three Greek conceptions of the soul? (type in alphabetical order, or it'll say it's wrong. sorry!)

5.

1 point

I am trying to explain why the scientific test I just ran didn't work. In explaining why, I postulate for my specific test the fact that the moon had been a full moon the night before impacted the testing conditions and explains why my experiment failed. This is an example of what kind of phenomenon?

Ad hoc hypothesis

Faith

Inductive argument

Invalid argument

6.

1 point

Properties a thing has based purely on its physical configuration=

Primary Qualities

Secondary Qualities

7.

1 point

According to L, how many atoms of each shape are there?

Finitely many.

Infinitely many.

8.

1 point

This type of argument aims for the a conclusion that is probably correct (but is not guaranteed).

Deductive Argument

Inductive Argument

9.

1 point

Who were the accusor/accusers of Socrates in the Apology?

Anytus

Lycon

Meletus

All of the above

10.

1 point

According to L, how many different shapes of atoms are there?

Finitely many.

Infinitely many.

11.

1 point

What did the Oracle of Delphi tell Socrates?

He should go out and ask questions of people

He is the wisest man in Athens

He is the wisest man in the world

He is the best man in Athens

12.

1 point

Why is the void important?

Without void there could be no movement

The void is where the atoms come from

The void is just another name for space. It doesn't actually mean anything.

all of the above

13.

1 point

Which of the 6 virtues says don’t make hypothesis that only cover the evidence at hand?

Precision

Conservatism

Modesty

Simplicity

Testability/Refutability

Generality

14.

1 point

Even if you know the Laws of Nature and the initial conditions (everything else), you can't (even in theory) predict the future state of a system *and* there’s more than one state that system could be in.

This is known as a ________ system.

Deterministic

Indeterministic

15.

1 point

What are the three requirements for knowledge?

Justified

True

You believe it

All of the above

16.

1 point

Fred says that when he went outside he noticed that grass was green. Never before had he known that grass was green. In fact, people had told him that it was, but he couldn't know for sure without experiencing it. This shows that "grass is green" is what kind of knowledge?

A priori knowledge

A posteriori knowledge

18.

1 point

A sound argument can be valid or invalid

True- Soundness and validity are not related to one another at all.

False- Only valid arguments can be sound.

19.

1 point

In order to account for why the world is not just a rainstorm of atoms, Lucretius proposes that atoms _____. This ____ is rare, slight, and unpredictable, but is causes collisions and interactions that account for why not everything moves down. It is also not testable/directly observable because it happens on such a small scale.

20.

1 point

According to the doctrine of atomism, are atoms ever destroyed?

No- there is no literal annihilation of atoms. Everything just gets rearranged.

Yes. When the being is destroyed the atoms are destroyed as well.

21.

1 point

I know that if 2 Orcas join 2 other Orcas at SeaLand then SeaLand will have 4 Orcas. I have never been to SeaLand and in fact have never seen a real Orca much less four of them. The fact that I can know that 2+2=4 without experiencing it shows that this is a type of ______ knowledge.

A priori knowledge

A posteriori knowledge

22.

1 point

What is the pushback to L's argument that the universe is infinite?

Since "Infinite" just means it is beyond our current understanding, we have an equivocation in terms.

God doesn't exist

It is possible to have something that is boundless yet finite

23.

1 point

In which directions do atoms naturally move if there is no interference? (be able to explain on the exam why this is the case)

Downwards

Sideways

Upwards

Every which way

24.

1 point

What is the pushback against L's claim that the universe has no center?

L claims that the universe has a center, not that there is no center. Your question is a lie.

While something may appear to not have a center from one perspective, another perspective can show that there is a center. The center is just not viewable from a certain point of view (much like the center of the Earth is not viewable if you're just standing on the Earth)

Blackholes have been found at the center of the universe already

25.

3 points

What are the informal accusations brought against Socrates?

Makes the weaker into the stronger argument

Teaches others to make the weaker into the stronger argument

Believing in other new spiritual beings

Not believing in the gods of Athens

Corrupting the youth

Studies things in the sky and below the earth

26.

1 point

How do we change our beliefs according to Quine?

Withhold belief

Refute the belief

Reject the belief

Withhold judgment

27.

3 points

What are the formal charges brought against Socrates?

Believing in other new spiritual beings

Not believing in the gods of Athens

Makes the weaker into the stronger argument

Corrupting the youth

Teaches others to make the weaker into the stronger argument

Studies things in the sky and below the earth

28.

1 point

If we accept that all change is caused by the physical impact of one body on another, and that the soul causes physical change in the world, what does this tell us about the soul? The soul must be ______

29.

1 point

According to Socrates, does a man ever intentionally do harm either to himself or others?

Yes

No

30.

1 point

Which of the 6 virtues questions how much does it require you to change your current beliefs and says you shouldn’t unnecessarily deviate from your current beliefs?

Testability/Refutability

Simplicity

Generality

Conservatism

Precision

Modesty

31.

1 point

Which of the 6 virtues says don't be vague?

Precision

Modesty

Testability/Refutability

Conservatism

Simplicity

Generality

32.

1 point

Why does the universe have no center according to L?

Since the universe is always expanding the center is just shifting all the time.

A center requires a boundary, so if there is no boundaries there is no center.

... it does have a center according to Lucretius.

33.

1 point

Which of the following were a part of Socrates' mission?

Get people to examine their beliefs

Get people to gain a critical reflectiveness concerning their beliefs

Get people to examine their lives everyday

Get people to examine their actions and values

Get people to examine themselves and other people

Get people to examine just themselves

Get people to reach certainty in their beliefs

Get people to examine their lives once

34.

1 point

Which of the 6 virtues say that you shouldn’t go too far away from the evidence you are working with; extrapolate carefully?

Generality

Precision

Simplicity

Conservatism

Modesty

Testability/Refutability

35.

1 point

Which of the following is part of why L says the universe is infinite? (you should know this argument in toto)

There would have to be a boundary, and boundaries have stuff on the other side of them, but that's absurd.

God created it as such

"Infinite" just means it is beyond our current understanding.

all of the above

36.

1 point

What does "valid" mean? (you need to type the exact phrase, but don't worry if you don't get one of the four phrasings I listed as possibilities!)

37.

1 point

According to L, is the soul mortal or immortal? (Be able to explain the 4 reasons why he thinks it is/isn't)

Mortal because _____

Immortal because _____

38.

1 point

According to Socrates what might happen to you when you die?

You go to heaven

It's just a dreamless sleep

You get to stand in the Fields of Asphodel for all eternity

Your soul finds a new body and lives on

You get to have a splendid conversation with cool people

40.

1 point

Properties we ascribe to a thing based on the interaction between its primary properties and our senses=

Primary Qualities

Secondary Qualities

41.

2 points

What three things are included in Quine's web of belief?

Observational sentences

Inferred beliefs

Deeply seeded beliefs

All of the above

42.

1 point

Is free will possible if determinism is true? (be able to explain why yes/no is the case.)

Yes

No

43.

1 point

What is the view that says everything is either atoms or void?

44.

4 points

What are Descartes' Four Methods of Doubt?

I may be dreaming

My senses could be deceiving me

I could be crazy

An evil daemon could be deceiving me

All of the above

45.

1 point

Which of the 6 virtues is relates to Ockham’s razor and says don’t add things beyond necessity?

Simplicity

Generality

Conservatism

Testability/Refutability

Precision

Modesty

46.

1 point

Do atoms have secondary qualities?

yes

no

47.

1 point

Which of the 6 virtues concerns whether or not the holder of the belief is open to their belief being tested?

Precision

Modesty

Conservatism

Simplicity

Generality

Testability/Refutability

48.

1 point

What basic doctrine of atomism says that matter has always been around and is eternal! That is, nothing just *pops* into existence?

49.

1 point

What things did Descartes know for certain?

He is a thinking thing

The mind is distinct from the body

Science

God exists

Existence of corporeal bodies

Math and geometry

His clear and distinct perceptions are guaranteed to be true

Other people exist

50.

1 point

If you know the Laws of Nature and the initial conditions (everything else), then you can both (in theory) predict the future state of a system *and* there’s only one state that system could be in.

This is known as a ________ system.

Deterministic

Indeterministic