Biology 151- 50 Hardest Questions

Scientists believe that stimulating growth of algae and other organisms can reduce carbon dioxide amounts in the atmosphere. What is vital to removal of carbon dioxide?

Codons that serve as "stop" signals for translation are recognized by

On the outer surface of the plasma membrane there are marker molecules that identify the cell type. Often these molecules are

You identify an enzyme involved in a cellular reaction. How does the enzyme affect the reaction equilibrium between reactants and products and the time needed to reach equilibrium?

Nitrogen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen. As a result you would expect that ammonia (NH3) molecules can form ______ with each other.

At which of the following stages do human skin cells nuclei have the same DNA content?

If a drug that inhibited transport from the trans face of the Golgi was applied to plant cells, which stage of the cell cycle would be directly affected?

Osmosis occurs as water can cross the lipid bilayer through specialized changes for water movements called ______.

The myoglobin protein, which carries oxygen in muscle cells, has only the first three levels of protein structure. What can you infer about myoglobin?

A somatic cell from a garden pea normally contains 14 chromosomes. How many sister chromatids would that cell contain during G1 of the cell cycle?

Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of:

Given the DNA sequence "CAA TTA GCA GCG TTT" which of the following would represent a frameshift mutation?

A cell membrane is said to be fluid mosaic because

In eukaryotes, the 3' poly-A tail is attached to

A phosphorus shortage in soil would make it difficult for plants to produce:

Luke sprained his ankle, tearing some of the collagen protein that forms his ligaments. Some types of collagen consist of three polypeptide chains twisted together to form a rope-like strand. What level of protein structure does this rope-like strand represent?

In Martians, having skin is a dominant to having translucent skin. The F1 generation of a monohybrid cross of green (GG) x translucent (gg) skin should

Magnesium chloride is a salt formed with ionic bonds between one magnesium ion and two chloride ions. Magnesium has two electrons in its outer shell and chlorine has seven electrons in outer shell. How are the electrons transferred between these atoms?

______ would be expected to produce the larges evolutionary change in a given period of time in a population of birds.

The number of chromosomes characteristic of diploid eukaryotic cells, in general:

You recently identified a novel protein that contains several membrane-spanning domains. You would predict that the amino acids embedded in the membrane would have ______ side groups.

Sister chromatids move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during

After a long week of sunbathing on the beac, what type of DNA damage should you be most concerned about?

During translation, a ribosome has two major functions, _____ and ______.

A chemist adds a chemical to pure water and there is a 100 fold increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions. What is the best approximation of the new pH value?

Alpha-glucose is present in potatoes and beta-glucose is present in wood. Both are glucose molecules but one can be used by humans to synthesize ATP and one cannot. Based on this information, what is the best explanation on why humans can only digest one of the glucose types?

The high heat of vaporization of water helps you to feel cooler when you sweat because the transition of water from a liquid to a gas requires a(n) ______ of energy to break hydrogen bonds. The energy is ______ from heat produced by your body, thus helping to lower the surface temperature of your body.

A human autosomal recessive trait appears in 1 in 100 births. What percent of people homozygous dominant for this trait?

Photosynthetic pigments in bacteria are located in the:

Which of the following mutations would be most likely to interfere with the proper insertion of a protein in the plasma membrane?

Plants, fungi, and bacteria share which one of the following characteristics

The enzyme that synthesizes mRNA in eukaryotic cells is _______.

When looking at plant and animal cells with an electron microscope, you notice that the plant cells have more Golgi membranes than the animal cells. How might you explain this?

The basic structural unit of chromatin is:

For this question, we will utilize a population of Martians that is in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The dominant Martian phenotype is the possession of 2 antennae. In this population, 84 of the Martians have 2 antennae, while 16 lack antennae.What is the frequency of heterozygotes in the population?

The electronegativity of nitrogen (N) is 3.0, while the electronegativity of hydrogen (H) is 2.1. Knowing this, consider how the electrons will be shared in ammonia (NH3). What do you predict about the polarity of ammonia?

One of the main reason many genes assort independent of one another is that

Many antibiotics kill bacteria because they hinder translation by prokaryotic ______.

ABO blood group determination is an example of

Which best describes the process of independent assortment?

Macromolecules are broken down to monomers in ______.

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms differ in how they process genetic information. Which statements best explain one of these differences?

turgor pressure is observed when a plant cell's environment is ______.

Four of the following five choices are functions of carbohydrates. Select the exception.

Turtles are isosmotic with respect to their surrounding very water. If a turtle was moved from the bay to an inlet with a slightly lower concentration of salt, how would it remain isosmotic with respect to its new environment?

A male fruit fly has the genotype PpYYrrTt. In terms of these 4 allele pairs, how many different types of gametes can he form?

Small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume

A dehydrated runner drinks a lot of water after a race. They rehydrate because

In the Crystal matrix of ordinary salt, the sodium and chlorine are held together by:

You are attempting to synthesize rRNA in a test tube using DNA isolated form mouse cells. In addition to the template DNA, ribonucleotieds, and the necessary transcription factors, you should also add ______ to the test tube.