Microbiology

A patient has acute gonorrhea diagnosed. It is known, that the patient was ill with gonorrhea before, but was cured completely. Name the form of this infection.

After BCG vaccination of infants immunity to tuberculosis is preserved until there are live bacteria of vaccine strain in the body. Name this kind of immunity.

It is known three links take part in development of infectious and epidemic process. The first link of infectious process is pathogenic microorganism. But what is the first link of epidemic process?

Immunofluorescence test belongs to widely used rapid (express) methods of infectious diseases diagnostics. Which properties of bacteria are estimated for their identification at this type of testing?

Bacteriological method (pure culture isolation) is used for laboratory diagnostics of many infectious diseases. Which purpose of the first stage of investigation?

With the purpose of acceleration sugar-containing media were sterilized by live, non--pressurized steam in one day: during 30 minutes in the morning, in the evening, and in the afternoon. In what way should the media have been sterilized?

Biological method of laboratory diagnostics is used into laboratory of life-threatening infections. Which property of causative agents is not studied at this method?

A 2-year-old boy was not given APDT vaccine according to schedule. On his pharyngeal tonsils there were revealed microorganisms, which by morphological and biochemical properties are identical to Corynebacterium diphtheriae. But precipitation test in gel with antitoxic serum has been negative. What form of infectious process can this agent cause without urgent treatment?

It is known bacterial cells include additional genetic structures, which either exists as independent element autonomically from chromosome or integrates with it, and supplements such cell additional property. What is the name of this additional elements?

Feces of child with enteritis is emulsified into isotonic solution and the drop of emulsion is seeded onto selective medium (10% yolk-salt agar). Which virulent enzyme possessing aggressive property is revealed at this medium?

A child, who is recovering after measles, has developed pneumonia caused by opportunists. What is the most probable form of this infection?

To decontaminate air into the aseptic cabinet some measures have been carried out, that belong to usual sterilization methods. Which method is the most appropriate for air decontamination after work?

A specimen stained by Ozheshko (Aujesky) method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round terminal components stained red. What are these components called?

In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother's milk as well as in a new-laid hen's egg. It is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?

At staining of the smear from sputum collected from the patient with suspicious lobar pneumonia such dyes and reagents have been used as crystal violet and Lugol’s iodine solutions, 960 alcohol, and fuchsine solution. Which method of staining has been used in this case?

The event, at which prophage may replicate with bacterial chromosome in the same time, is known as:

Control of instrument sterilization in autoclave was carried out with the help of a biologic method. What bacteria are the most rational to use as test-microorganisms?

Students have been proposed to stain a mixture of bacteria by Gram's method and explain the mechanism of staining at a microbiology practical class. Name the morphological structures of bacteria that cause Gram-negative or Gram-positive staining of bacteria.

A 1.5-year-old boy who hasn't been inoculated according to the schedule contacted with a patient with measles. For emergency specific prevention the child was given donor γ-globulin. What kind of immunity developed in this case?

Which from given virulent factors that typical for the most gram-negative bacteria acts the significant part in pathogenesis of disease, caused by these microorganisms?

DNA-polymerase from Thermus aquaticus is important reagent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This microorganism is capable of growing at 100 0C and higher and it is:

The staphylococcus, isolated from the nasopharynx of a nurse during hospital infection, differs from the strain, isolated from patients, by containing R-plasmid. What feature can the hospital strain acquire due to the conjugation with the strain isolated from the nurse?

A patient consulted a stomatologist about purulent inflammation of his gums. What drug will be the most effective if it suspected that a causative agent is an anaerobe?

Pathogenic staphylococcus has been isolated from purulent wound of patient. Its sensitivity to antibiotics has been detected: penicillin – the zone of growth inhibition 8 mm, oxacillin – 9 mm, ampicillin – 10 mm, gentamycin – 22 mm, lincomycin – 11mm. Which antibiotic should be chosen for treatment?

Furuncle pus smear showed spherical microbes arranged in grape-like clusters. Name these microorganisms.

Microorganisms surrounded with capsule have been revealed in the smear prepared from the sputum of the patient with croupous pneumonia. Which chemical compound of revealed cellular organella is?

During microbiology lesson students have acquainted with microscopy method of laboratory diagnostics. Which property of bacteria may be studied with this method?

Production of antibodies is one of the most important parts of immune response of an organism. Which type of cells actually secretes antibodies?

Bacteriological examination of the feces of a 38-year-old woman, who had been ill with typhoid fever 1.5 year ago, revealed Salmonella typhi. Name the form of the infectious process.

Microscopic investigation of pathological samples stained with Burri-Hins´ technique from the patient with suspicious plague is made into the laboratory of life-threatining diseases. Which property of causative agent does this method allow to study?

The pure culture of Corynebacterium diphteria has been isolated from the patient. After smear preparation and staining by Neisser´s the next inclusion bodies have been revealed:

Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is due to presence into the cell of autonomic genetic structure, transmission of which is possible by conjugation. What is the name of this structure?

A patient recovered after Sonne shigellosis and was once more (repeatedly) infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called?

At microscopy of bacterial culture fusiform spore-forming blue- violet after staining by Gram microorganisms have been revealed. Which kind of microorganisms has been revealed?

For carrying out of bacteriological researches into laboratory, have planned at next day, it is necessary to prepare sterile Petri dishes, and pipettes. Which method of sterilization should be used at this case?

At microscopy of the wound discharge gram-positive spherical cells arranged in “grape-like clusters “ have been revealed. Which group can seen microorganisms be belong to?

Scheduled vaccination against measles has been carried out in a kindergarten. What method can be used to check up the development of postvaccinal immunity?

The procedure of human gene incorporation into bacterial genome with bacteriophage is used in biotechnological processes for production of therapeutic and prophylactic medicines. What is the name of such process?

In a laboratory, researches on tetanus diagnostics were carried out. What method of sterilization should be used to destroy the isolated cultures of tetanus pathogens?

After practical activity in a laboratory students must put in order and disinfect their working place. Choose the chemical agent, which should be used.

At laboratory diagnostics of many infectious diseases Gram staining technique is used. Which structure of microbial cell is responsible for ability of taking a dye?

Humoral immune response takes significant part at many infectious diseases. Which action is not typical for antibody?

The patient, 50 years old, had been treated with levomycetin (chloramphenicol) due to enteric fever infection, but day after his state was getting worse and fever lifted up to 39,6 С. How can you explain patient state?

Immunofluorescence reaction is widely used for express-diagnostics of many bacterial and viral infections. Choose the type of the microscope needed for this reaction.

Rod-shaped blue microorganisms with terminal spherical red components are seen in the smear stained by Aujesky´s method. Which name of these components is ?

In the surgical ward the dressing material was underwent sterilization in an autoclave. Through an oversight of a nurse the mode of sterilization was changed and the temperature in the autoclave reached only 1000C instead of the due 1200C. What microorganisms can stay viable under these conditions?

At staining of the sputum smear the such dyes and reagents have been used as: Ziehl´s fuchsine and methylene blue solutions, 5% sulpharic acid solution. Which method of staining has been used?

Virulent factors are accounted at indication of etiological significance of microorganisms. Which virulent factor of streptococci can be estimated in clinical sample at light microscopy?

The essential drawback of the microscopy method of infection diagnostics is insufficient informativeness caused by morphologic similarity of many mi­croorganisms. Which of the following can increase the informativeness?

A patient with bacterial pneumonia was prescribed benzipenicillin. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?