Chapter 10.

1.

1 point

What is the most likely conclusion that can be made based on Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

Boys are morally superior to girls

Girls are morally superior to boys

Children do not possess morals.

Kohlberg’s stages and scoring system were biased to favor males.

2.

1 point

What is the development of purposeful movement called?

maturation

motor development

Babinski reflex

perceptual development

3.

1 point

Which of the following best describes the beliefs of John Watson and other behavioral psychologists?

Nurture is the most important influence on a child’s development

Nature is the most important influence on a child’s development

Maturation plays the most important role in a child’s development

Nature and nurture play equal roles in a child’s development.

4.

1 point

At what age does a child’s self-esteem seem to reach a low point?

12 or 13

2 or 3

5 or 6

15 or 16

5.

1 point

As children develop, many reflexes disappear.

True

False

6.

1 point

The fetal stage is the first eight weeks of an embryo’s development in the mother’s uterus.

True

False

7.

1 point

During which stage is it normal for a person to triple his or her weight in a single year?

adolescence

infancy

childhood

adulthood

8.

1 point

Which of the following terms refers to the automatic and sequential process of development that results from genetic signals?

maturation

reflexes

environment

kinship

9.

1 point

Behaviorists believe that heredity is the primary influence on a newborn’s development

True

False

10.

1 point

What is an advantage of developing a secure attachment between infant and caregiver?

Secure infants more clearly express their anger to their caregiver

Secure infants are more likely to mature into happier, friendlier children.

Secure infants do not mind when their caregiver leaves them

Secure infants cry less than insecure infants

11.

1 point

According to Piaget, at what stage do people reach cognitive maturity?

formal-operational stage

preoperational stage

concrete-operational stage

sensorimotor stage

12.

1 point

Which of the following terms refers to the process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period?

rooting

contact comfort

maturation

imprinting

13.

1 point

Which reflex is also known as the startle reflex?

rooting reflex

grasping reflex

Moro reflex

Babinski reflex

14.

1 point

Studies have generally shown that nonparental day care in itself has a strong, clearly-definable impact on child development.

True

False

15.

1 point

Which of the following is an example of continuous development?

playing a game

breathing

growing in height

throwing a ball

16.

1 point

By the 1990s all babies born in the Unites States were screened for

schizophrenia.

pneumonia.

hearing impairment

vertigo

17.

1 point

At birth, most infants’ hearing is much better developed than their eyesight.

True

False

18.

1 point

How do stage theorists view development as occurring?

only when children are given the proper guidance

only in infancy

through stages

in varying order in different individuals

19.

1 point

Child abuse is the most common cause of children’s health problems and deaths.

True

False

20.

1 point

Which of the following conclusions do research studies using the visual cliff support?

Infants prefer looking at landscape pictures

Infants develop depth perception by nine months

Infants enjoy climbing cliffs

Infants cannot see colors

21.

1 point

What did Jean Piaget theorize about the development of children’s thinking?

Children’s thinking stops developing by age 10 or 11

Children’s thinking develops in a sequence of stages.

Boys are mentally superior to girls

Girls are mentally superior to boys

22.

1 point

Which of the following individuals was an influential stage theorist?

Jean Piaget

Arnold Gesell

John Locke

John Watson

23.

1 point

The fetal stage begins at ten weeks

True

False

24.

1 point

Which of the following examples would Lawrence Kohlberg most likely use in his study of moral reasoning?

a group of bandits that robs a train

a woman who kills a man because she has evidence he is a serial killer

a student who skips school to avoid taking a test

a man who slanders a neighbor he does not like

25.

1 point

Object permanence occurs during the sensorimotor stage of development.

True

False

26.

1 point

Children of authoritative parents often grow up to be

achievement oriented

resistant to other people

dictatorial

dependent on other people

27.

1 point

Which of the following phrases best defines the word authoritarian?

tough but fair

coldly permissive

favoring unquestioning obedience

with authority

28.

1 point

Which of the following do researchers believe is the most important contributor to building attachment between an infant and his or her mother?

Moro reflex

feeding

sleeping

contact comfort

29.

1 point

How much does a newborn weigh in comparison to what it weighed at conception?

ten times as much

a billion times more

slightly less

twice as much

30.

1 point

What is the earliest age at which babies prefer pictures of a human face to any other pictures?

six months

two months

birth

one year

31.

1 point

Which of the following is the point in development during which a person is best suited to learn a particular skill or behavior pattern

critical period

blank slate

go time

starting point

32.

1 point

Which type of development do developmental psychologists study?

physical

social

cognitive

all of the above

33.

1 point

Harry F. Harlow’s experiments with infant monkeys proved that infants become attached to those who feed them.

True

False

34.

1 point

Most adolescents are at the conventional level of moral reasoning.

True

False

35.

1 point

Which of the following best characterizes the effects of day care on parent-child attachment?

Day care has mixed effects on parent-child attachment

Day care results in stronger attachments

Day care promotes individualism

Day care erodes attachment

36.

1 point

Behaviors that are biologically “programmed” to develop are linked to heredity.

True

False

37.

1 point

Which of these individuals originated the theory of behaviorism in the 1600s

John Locke

Arnold Gesell

John Watson

Jean Piaget

38.

1 point

Which of the following parenting styles is the opposite of a cold and permissive parenting style?

warm and permissive

warm and strict

strict and permissive

cold and strict

39.

1 point

Infants that cry or behave in ways that indicate stress when their mothers leave have likely developed

contact comfort.

stranger anxiety.

separation anxiety.

imprinting.

40.

1 point

Why do developmental psychologists study infancy and childhood?

to learn how early childhood experiences affect people as adults

to learn about the causes of developmental problems

to learn what types of experiences in infancy foster well-adjusted children

all of the above