Clinical visual Biology

1.

1 point

stroma of the corneal layer

5-7 cell layers (50um thick)

(5um thick)

basement membrane of endothelium

acellular collagen (8-17um thick)

non keratonised stratified squamous cells

collagen fibres (3-20um thick)

keratocytes and collagen (500um thick)

simple squamous epithelium

regular dense collective tissue

2.

1 point

chronic responses to acidosis

blebs and guttae

herpetic

keratitis

polymegatism

bedewing

keratoconus

3.

1 point

Endothelium of corneal layer

simple squamous epithelium

(5um thick)

5-7 cell layers (50um thick)

basement membrane of endothelium

acellular collagen (8-17um thick)

keratocytes and collagen (500um thick)

collagen fibres (3-20um thick)

non keratonised stratified squamous cells

regular dense collective tissue

4.

1 point

intraocular pressure

ora serrata

aqueos humour

crystalline lens

vitreous body

5.

2 points

the pentose phosphate pathway yields atp

True

False

6.

1 point

stromal: linked through gap junctions, and secrete collagen

neutrophils

GAGS

keratocytes

collagen fibres

7.

1 point

effects of CL wear

increased squamous cell apoptosis

reduced squamous cell apoposis

basal cell migration is slower

hypoxia increases basal cell mitosis

hypoxia reduces basal cell mitosis

basal cell migration is faster

8.

1 point

Descemet's Membrane of the corneal layer

basement membrane of endothelium

collagen fibres (3-20um thick)

regular dense collective tissue

non keratonised stratified squamous cells

acellular collagen (8-17um thick)

(5um thick)

5-7 cell layers (50um thick)

simple squamous epithelium

keratocytes and collagen (500um thick)

9.

2 points

physiotigimine

inhibits acetylcholine

in muscarinic recpetors of the sphincter pupillae

causes miosis by build of acetylcholine

causes degradation of enzymes

in postsynaptic neurone

10.

1 point

Epithelial Regenerates rapidly.

basal cell migrates to the surface

squamous cells migrate to the surface

11.

1 point

corneal epithelium

acellular collagen (8-17um thick)

simple squamous epithelium

5-7 cell layers (50um thick)

basement membrane of endothelium

regular dense collective tissue

keratocytes and collagen (500um thick)

(5um thick)

non keratonised stratified squamous cells

collagen fibres (3-20um thick)

12.

1 point

corneal vascularity gets oxygen from?

limbus

Limbal blood vessels

aqueous humour

sclera

tears

13.

2 points

parasympathetic

efferent and afferent nerves which relax body

relay in superior cervical ganglion

involuntary structure control

oculormotor

short ciliary nerves

from spinal cord in neck

efferent and afferent nerves prepare body for emergency

14.

1 point

reversed illumination, contains fluid and cell debris caused by acidosis. sign of chronic metabolic stress and altered cellular growth proteins.

corneal acidosis

Corneal inclusions

filaments

corneal arcos

punctate erosion

vortex keratopathy

oedema

microcysts

15.

1 point

Eye lids and lashes

wets and lubricates cornea and inside of eyelid

tear drainage and distribution

assists tear distribution, protects eye and nourishes corna at night

16.

2 points

three ways of termination of transmission is:

17.

1 point

endothelium of cornea

flattened hexagonal cells

squamous hexagonal cells

bound together by interdigitations

18.

1 point

anterior segment

contains aqeous humour

contains vitreous body

area between crystalline lens and retina

19.

1 point

Epithelial deposits, drug induced

microcysts

vortex keratopathy

corneal acidosis

Corneal inclusions

punctate erosion

corneal arcos

filaments

oedema

20.

1 point

metabolism

85% anaerobic glycolysis and 15% pentose phosphate pathway

85% aerobic glycolysis and 15% phosphate

15% anaerobic glycolysis and 85% pentose phosphate pathway.

21.

2 points

NADPH is a powerful agent used for reactions

22.

1 point

Touch threshold ?

increases with age

bigger in brown eyes than blue eyes

bigger in blue eyes than brown eyes

decreases with age

23.

1 point

seen with flurescenct dye viewed with blue light. stains areas of missing epithelium.

corneal arcos

oedema

microcysts

corneal acidosis

vortex keratopathy

filaments

punctate erosion

Corneal inclusions

24.

1 point

PH reduction caused by hypercapia ( retardation of carbon dioxide to produce carbonic acid) and hypoxia ( oxygen deprivation, increases anaerobic respiration so more lactic acid)

microcysts

vortex keratopathy

corneal arcos

oedema

filaments

punctate erosion

Corneal inclusions

corneal acidosis

25.

1 point

accomodation

crystalline lens

vitreous body

aqueos humour

ora serrata

26.

1 point

Lacrimal Apparatus

tear drainage and distribution

wets and lubricates cornea and inside of eyelid

assists tear distribution, protects eye and nourishes corna at night

27.

1 point

mechanically supports crystalline lens and retina

crystalline lens

ora serrata

vitreous body

aqueos humour

28.

1 point

accumulation of fluid in stroma, subsides.

corneal acidosis

vortex keratopathy

Corneal inclusions

corneal arcos

oedema

filaments

punctate erosion

microcysts

29.

2 points

metabolic receptors

g-protein linked protein complexes

open/close ion channles

ligated ion channels

30.

2 points

Efferent Nerves

supply extraoccular muscles

away from brain

from eye and adnexa

to brain

31.

2 points

endergonic

products at lower energy level than reactants

reaction absorbs energy

anabolism energy used to synthesise complex molecules

reaction releases energy, catabolism

negative energy of reactants

products at higher energy level than reactants

32.

1 point

common age related degeneration, where by lipid rich deposits in the sroma near the limbus accelerated by LDLs in the blood?

punctate erosion

Corneal inclusions

vortex keratopathy

oedema

corneal acidosis

microcysts

corneal arcos

filaments

33.

1 point

Bowmans capsule of the cornea

5-7 cell layers (50um thick)

acellular collagen (8-17um thick)

basement membrane of endothelium

non keratonised stratified squamous cells

(5um thick)

regular dense collective tissue

simple squamous epithelium

collagen fibres (3-20um thick)

keratocytes and collagen (500um thick)

34.

2 points

afferent nerves

supply extraoccular muscles

away from brain

from eye and adnexa

to brain

35.

1 point

corneal nerves come from?

36.

1 point

anterior segment

contains vitreous body

area between crystalline lens and retina

area between cornea and crystalline lens

37.

1 point

dark spots, acute response to acidosis and seen eithin 10mins of cl wear. swollen epithelial cells.

herpetic

guttae

bedewing

keratitis

blebs

keratoconus

polymegatism

38.

2 points

ionotropic recpetors

ligated ion channels

open/close ion channles

g-protein linked protein complexes

39.

1 point

stroma: binds to collagen and regulates fibril diameter.

GAGS

neutrophils

keratocytes

collagen fibres

40.

1 point

stroma: 250 lamellae run at right angles to each other

neutrophils

GAGS

keratocytes

collagen fibres

41.

1 point

conjunctiva

tear drainage and distribution

assists tear distribution

wets and lubricates cornea and inside of eyelid

42.

1 point

reversed illumination

light rays cross over

RI higher than corneal tissue

light rays do not cross over

RI lower than corneal tissue

43.

1 point

Derived by wing cells which are derived from basal cells. tight junctions prevent fluid uptake from tears. undergo apoptosis and exfoliate into tears.

neurones

Langerhans

basal cells

squamous cells

44.

1 point

The ora Serrata is the:

controlling part of the eye that controls amount of light enetering.

opaque

blind terminal part of the retina

45.

2 points

sympathetic

efferent and afferent nerves which relax body

short ciliary nerves

oculormotor

from spinal cord in neck

relay in superior cervical ganglion

involuntary structure control

efferent and afferent nerves prepare body for emergency

46.

1 point

corneal vascularity gets nutrients from?

sclera

limbus

tears

aqueous humour

Limbal blood vessels

47.

2 points

exergonic reactions

products at lower energy level than reactants

reaction absorbs energy

negative energy of reactants

reaction releases energy, catabolism

products at higher energy level than reactants

anabolism energy used to synthesise complex molecules

48.

1 point

mitotic columnar cells derived from stem cells, attached to basement membrane by hemidesmosomes. migrate to surface.

basal cells

squamous cells

neurones

Langerhans

49.

1 point

nourishes cornea

aqueos humour

vitreous body

ora serrata

crystalline lens

50.

1 point

caused by dry eyes

corneal arcos

punctate erosion

microcysts

filaments

vortex keratopathy

Corneal inclusions

oedema

corneal acidosis