BIO135FINAL

1.

1 point

What does Poiseuille's law describe?

A diameter reduced in half increases resistance by 16 times

A diameter increased by half increases resistance by 16 times

A diameter reduced in half decreases resistance by 16 times

A diameter increased by half decreases resistance by 16 times

2.

1 point

How is the A-a gradient represented in patients with pneumonia?

It stays the same

It increases

It decreases

3.

1 point

How many divisions of the airway are there and where would dead space, respiratory bronchioles, and bronchoconstriction be found within these divisions?

24, 1-16, 17-23, and 11-16

23, 17-23, 1-16, and 11-16

23, 1-16, 17-23, and 11-16

24, 11-16, 1-16, and 17-24

4.

1 point

When will there be a tracheal shift towards and away from the pathology?

Pleural effusion, Pleural edema

ATX, Pleural effusion

ATX, PTX

PTX, ATX

5.

1 point

In regards to the A-v gradient a patient with a decreased systemic circulation what will be the value?

8-10 ml per 100 ml of blood

2-4 ml per 100 ml of blood

4-6 ml per 100 ml of blood

10-12 ml per 100 ml of blood

6.

1 point

What conditions are associated with an increase in Pplat values?

Pulmonary edema and asthma

Pneumonia and pulmonary edema

Bronchitis and Asthma

Asthma and pneumonia

7.

1 point

What does Laplace's law describe?

How the change in the airway diameter and length can affect the pressures and flows.

How airway constriction and width can affect the pressures and flows.

The larger the vessel radius, the larger the wall tension required to withstand a given internal pressure.

The stronger the vessel, the better the wall patency to withstand a given internal pressure.

8.

1 point

As an RT if you are going to bypass the natural functions of the upper airway you must ensure.

Diffusion

Conditioning

Patency

Perfusion

9.

1 point

What conditions are associated with an increase in RAW values?

Asthma and pneumonia

Pulmonary edema and asthma

Bronchitis and asthma

Bronchitis and COPD

10.

1 point

You as an RT have a patient awaiting surgery for a mass developed in his upper airway. What would help with the patients breathing?

60% oxygen through a venturi mask

Palpations

Heliox therapy

High pressure oxygen

11.

1 point

What can be determined from the A-a gradient and what are the normal ranges?

Determines the ration of diffusion in the AC membrane. 10-25.

Determines the difference between alveoli and artery perfusion in the AC membrane. 25-35.

Determines the difference between alveoli and artery perfusion in the AC membrane. 10-25.

Determines the similarities in perfusion in between the alveoli and arteries in the AC membrane. 15-30.

12.

1 point

What VT should you set a 50Kg patient on who is to undergo mechanical ventilation if there is no underlying lung disease?

1100, 50Kg x 2.2 x10 = 1100

5000, 50Kg x 100 = 5000

500, 50Kg x 10 = 500

4, 50Kg x 0.08 = 4

13.

1 point

What are Type I and Type II pneumocytes?

Type I makes serum. Type II makes surfactant.

Type I make up the alveolar wall. Type II produce surfactant.

Type I makes pleural fluid. Type II makes parietal fluid.

Type I produces surfactant. Type II makes up the alveolar wall.

14.

1 point

What would the VD/VT ratio be for a patient be with a PaCO2 of 50 and PECO2 of 30?

30%

40%

45%

35%

15.

1 point

What are the normal muscles of inhalation, exhalation, and labored inhalation?

Diaphragm, abdominals, and none

Diaphragm/intercostals, none, and abdominals

Diaphragm, none, intercostals and abdominals

Diaphragm, intercostals, and abdominals

16.

1 point

Normal breath sounds are called?

Vesicular

Adventitious

Respirations

Inspirations

17.

1 point

Describe the vaso-vagal response during suctioning and how can the RT limit this issue?

A sudden drop in HR due to stimulation to the Vagus nerve. Monitor the monitors and limit suction time to no more than 15 seconds.

Stimulation of the Carina causing a decrease in the Vagal reflex. Limit suctioning time to no more than 15 seconds.

Causes a drop in HR due to stimulation of the Vagus nerve. Monitor the monitors and limit suction time to no more than 30 seconds.

Stimulation of the baroreceptors attached to the Vagus nerve causing an increase in the HR. Limit suctioning to no more than 15 seconds.

18.

1 point

In regards to the pressure vs. volume graph compare emphysema and fibrosis.

both emphysema and fibrotic are below normal

both emphysema and fibrotic are above normal

above normal emphysema, below normal fibrotic

above normal fibrotic, below normal emphysema

19.

1 point

How would you visually distinguish between LTB (Laryngotracheal bronchitis or croup) and acute epiglottis in a 3 year old patient demonstrating ventilator difficulty with us of intercostal accessory muscles?

Drooling bady/PA chest x-ray

Wheezing baby/PA chest x-ray

Wheezing baby/lateral neck x-ray

Drooling baby/lateral neck x-ray

20.

1 point

What are the normal, smokers, and toxic levels of COHb (Carbon Monoxide)?

1.5%, 5%, 10%

25%, 10%, 1.5%

5%, 15%, 25%

1.5%, 10%, 25%

21.

1 point

What would you suspect if you here a unilateral wheeze during auscultations?

Pneumonia

Airway obstruction

Acute asthma

ATX or PTX

22.

1 point

CO2 travels in three ways from the tissues to the lungs. List three ways and identify the largest form?

10% Bubbles 35-45 torr, 80% Carboamino hemoglobin, 10% Carbonic acid

10% Bubbles 35-45 torr/10% Carboamino Hemoglobin, 80% Carbonic acid

80% Bubbles 35-45 torr, 10% Carboamino hemoglobin, 10% Carbonic acid

23.

1 point

With carbon monoxide poisoning, which device would you not use?

Spirometer

Nasal cannula

Entrainment mask

Pulse oximeter

24.

1 point

Which values could substitute for the A-v gradient?

PvO2 value around 35-45

PvO2 value around 75

PvO2 value around 10-20

PvO2 value around 50-60

25.

1 point

What do Alveolar macrophages do?

Destroy bacteria and expel them from the alveoli.

Trap and move bacteria to the acini.

Destroy bacteria and flush them into the alveolar capillaries.

Trap and move bacteria to the lungs to be expelled during coughs.

26.

1 point

To quantify the effects of your bronchodilator treatment on an asthmatic patient. What value are you looking for?

FEV1 - FEV2 gradient

FEV1 with a 12% increase

FEV1 with a 12% decrease

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate PEFR

27.

1 point

If ambient air contains 11 mg/L of water vapor, what is the relative humidity based on the body's needs?

Deficit 54.8 mg/L, 75%

Deficit 32.8 mg/L, 25%

Deficit 11 mg/L, 75%

Deficit 43.8 mg/L, 25%

28.

1 point

Place the following adventitious breath sounds in the order of the condition:
1. Wheeze
2. Ronchi
3. Dry crackles
4. Wet crackles
5. Pleural friction rub (sandpaper)

Mucus, Atelectasis, Pulmonary edema, Pleural effusion, Asthma

Atelectasis, Pulmonary edema, Pleural infections, Asthma, Mucus.

Asthma, Mucus, Atelectasis, Pulmonary edema, Pleural infections.

Pulmonary edema, Pleural infections, Asthma, Atelectasis, Mucus.

29.

1 point

Inspiratory inflammation of the vocal cords causing a continuous high pitched barking sound?

Stridor

Emphysema

COPD

Croup

30.

1 point

A person who breathes through pursed lips has which disorder and how does it help them?

COPD, helps with getting air out decreasing the I:E ratio

COPD, helps with increasing TLC

COPD, helps with increasing the RV

COPD, helps with getting air our increasing the I:E ratio

31.

1 point

What is the value of the A-v gradient and what is the normal gradient range?

Oxygen extraction at the tissue with a normal range of 4-6%

Oxygen extraction at the tissue with a normal range of 10-20%

Oxygen flow into the arteries with a normal range 4-6%

Oxygen flow into the veins with a normal range of 4-6%

32.

1 point

Why would a RT need to keep the SpO2 in a COPD patient below 94% and how would Miss Natalie regulate the exact FIO2 to this patient?

To help knock out the Hypoxic drive with a Venturi mask at 60%

Keep from knocking out the Hypoxic drive using a 60torr venture mask

To knock out the Hypoxic drive with a Venturi mask set at 40%

Keep from knocking out the Hypoxic drive with a Venturi mask set at 40%

33.

1 point

What is the normal value for FENO, and in which patient will you see high levels of expired Nitric Oxide (NO)?

20-30 parts per billion. Asthmatics.

10-20 parts per billion. Smokers.

20-30 parts per billion. Athletes.

10-20 parts per billion. Asthmatics.

34.

1 point

What would be the appropriate treatment for a partial right-side PTX?

Needle decompression

Pressurized air

Vasodialator treatment

Heliox treatment

35.

1 point

What is Apneustic breathing?

Deep, gasping inspiration with a pause followed by a brief insufficient release.

Rapid, shallow inspiration followed by extended exhalation.

Slow, deep inspirations followed by an extended exhalation.

Shallow, gasping inspiration with a pause at full inspiration followed by an insufficient release.

36.

1 point

A patient is on mechanical ventilation with a flow rate set at 90 LPM. Based on a respiratory rate of 30 bpm, and an I:E ratio of 1:3, what is the patients approximate tidal volume?

240ml

360ml

750ml

120ml

37.

1 point

A patient's minute ventilation (VE) (dot) of 9 L/min. If the VT is 600 mL what is the rate (f) of breathing?

10

15

17

12

38.

1 point

What is Pleural Effusion and what type of x-ray will you request to confirm this conclusion?

Fluid in the pleural space. Request a decubitus angle.

Air in the pleural space. Request a decubitus angle.

Fluid in the pleural space. Request a PA chest x-ray.

Fluid in the lower lung. Request a needle decompression.

39.

1 point

Define dead space ventilation versus shunting?

Ventilation in excess of perfusion vs. diffusion in excess of ventilation.

Perfusion in excess of ventilation vs. ventilation in excess of perfusion.

Ventilation in excess of perfusion vs. perfusion in excess of ventilation.

Ventilation in excess of exhalation vs. perfusion in excess of ventilation.

40.

1 point

Calculate FRC if ERV = 1000 ml and RV = 1800 ml.

2800 ml

2.8 ml

200 ml

2.0 ml

41.

1 point

Describe Cheyne Stokes breathing?

Increased VT & VR

Similar VT & VR

No change in VT or VR

Decreased VT & VR

42.

1 point

What is the correct placement for an ET tube and what are the correct verification methods of placement? (select all appropriate answers)

Bronchoscope

Auscultations

Chest x'ray

1 1/4 - 2 inches below the carina

3-5 cm below the carina

1 1/4 - 2 inches above the carina

ET tube markings of 15 - 18 cm

3-5 cm above the carina

CO2 detector strips

43.

1 point

What is the Vallecula?

Landmark for the insertion of ET tube.

Landmark for the removal of the ET tube.

Landmark for x'ray of chest tube insertion.

Aids in the location of the Carina.

44.

1 point

Describe Biot's breathing?

Progressively decreases the rate and maintains the same tidal volume

Slowly decreases the rate with an deviation in the tidal volume

Rapidly increases the rate and increases the tidal volume

Progressively increases the rate but maintains the same title volume

45.

1 point

On a CXR a flattened diaphragm is noted what is the probable condition and what causes this condition?

COPD/Chronic Bronchitis/Acute Asthma/Emphysema. Air remaining in lungs.

COPD/Emphysema/Chronic Bronchitis/Acute Asthma. Lack of FRV.

Pneumonia/Respiratory Infection. Air remaining in lungs.

Pneumonia/Respiratory Infection. Insufficient tidal volume in the lungs.