Chapter 10

1.

2 points

____________________: period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

2.

2 points

____________________: disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control growth.

3.

3 points

Asexual reproduction

Increases genetic diversity

Only occurs in single-celled organisms.

Prevents budding

Produces genetically identical cells.

4.

3 points

As cell size increases

The ratio of surface area to volume increased.

The ratio of surface area to volume is always 2:1.

The surface area increases more than volume.

The volume increases more than the surface area.

5.

2 points

____________________: one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome.

6.

2 points

____________________: process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.

7.

2 points

____________________: mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue.

8.

3 points

Cyclins are proteins that

Regulate the timing of the cell cycle in prokaryotes.

Regulate growth factors in eukaryotes.

Regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotes.

Cause cancer cells to grow uncontrollably.

9.

2 points

____________________: threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm

10.

2 points

____________________: process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

11.

2 points

____________________: phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

12.

3 points

The function of the spindle fibers are

Condense the nuclei

Help to separate the chromatids

Break down the nuclear envelope

Help form new nuclear envelopes

13.

2 points

____________________: process of programmed cell death.

14.

3 points

The two stages of division are

Mitosis and interphase

Synthesis and mitosis

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Cytokinesis and interphase

15.

3 points

What happens during anaphase

The chromosomes become visible

The cell plate forms

The sister chromatids separate

The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

16.

2 points

____________________: first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible

17.

2 points

____________________: one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells.

18.

2 points

____________________: series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.

19.

3 points

28. Sexual Reproduction

Is limited to multicellular organisms.

Produces genetically identical cells.

Increases genetic diversity.

Includes budding.

20.

3 points

During the G1 phase

a. Cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles.

c. The cell begins to divide.

b. Chromosomes are replicated.

d. Organelles required for cell division are produced.

21.

3 points

The DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes is tightly wound around

Spindles

Centrioles

Chromatin

Histones

22.

2 points

____________________: substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones

23.

2 points

___________________: structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell

24.

3 points

As a cell becomes larger

It is less efficient at moving waste materials across the membrane.

It places fewer demands on its DNA

It does not need molecules for cell growth.

It is more efficient at moving nutrients across the cell membrane.

25.

2 points

____________________: phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin.