American Federal Government Chapter 4

1.

1 point

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court justices ruled that

a quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirmative action could be used.

quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were constitutional but other forms of affirmative action were unconstitutional.

all affirmative action policies were unconstitutional.

all affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny by the courts.

achieving a diverse student body was not a compelling public purpose.

2.

1 point

Which of the following provided that all of the protections contained in the Bill of Rights applied to the states as well as the national government?

the 1st Amendment

the 4th Amendment

Palko v. Connecticut

Gitlow v. New York

Barron v. Baltimore

3.

1 point

In what year was freedom of speech extended to protect against the acts of state governments?

1964

1868

1833

1925

1865

4.

1 point

The current prohibition on states to criminalize abortion is based on

the right to due process of law

equal protection against sexual discrimination

the right to privacy

the right against cruel and unusual punishment

the free exercise clause

5.

1 point

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that state governments no longer had the authority to make private sexual behavior a crime?

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services

Bowers v. Hardwick

Lawrence v. Texas

Texas v. Johnson

Gonzales v. Oregon

6.

1 point

The 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th amendments, taken together, define

freedom of religion

civil rights of minorities

free speech

due process of law

the right to bear arms

7.

1 point

What is a grand jury?

a jury used in federal courts

a jury that determines whether there is enough evidence to justify a trial

a jury that determines the sentence after guilt has been proven

a jury that determines whether the rights of the accused have been violated

a jury that determines guilt or innocence in a trial

8.

1 point

The judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on the government when it seeks to regulate or restrict speech is call

habeas corpus

judicial restraint

prior restraint

strict scrutiny

judicial activism

9.

1 point

Which of the following rights was not included in the original Constitution?

prohibition of bills of attainder

prohibition of ex post facto laws

guarantee of habeas corpus

guarantee of trial by jury in state where crime was committed

prohibition of warrantless search and seizure

10.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT an example of an area in which women have made progress since the 1970s in guaranteeing certain civil rights?

integration into all-male publicly supported universities

None-these are all examples of areas in which women have made progress

more equal funding for college women's athletic programs

the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment

sexual harassment

11.

1 point

Which of the following statements about freedom of speech is true?

Free speech cannot be restricted by government officials.

Free speech can be regulated by government officials.

Free speech is an absolute right under the US Constitution.

both a and c

Free Speech is protected under the 2nd Amendment.

12.

1 point

The due process clause of the 15th Amendment is best describes as a(n) _________.

substantive civil liberty

instrumental power

procedural civil liberty

civil right

delegated power

13.

1 point

The 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th Amendments are largely about

protections for those accused of committing crimes.

the right to privacy and travel.

the demands that citizens be treated equally.

the limits of Congress regarding economic regulation.

the process of amending the Constitution.

14.

1 point

Since 1973, the right to an abortion has been

upheld and expanded

upheld but narrowed in scope

overturned by the Supreme Court

unchanged because the Supreme Court has not heard another case involving abortion

repealed by a constitutional amendment

15.

1 point

The judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on government officials when they seek to regulate or restrict speech is called _____.

libel

strict scrutiny

speech plus

prior restraint

due process

16.

1 point

When did civil rights become part of the Constitution?

in 1789 at the Founding

with the adoption of the 19th Amendment in 1920

in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education case

in 2008 when Barack Obama was elected president

with the adoption of the 14th Amendment in 1868

17.

1 point

Which of the following is the best description of the Supreme Court's first ruling on the issue of the nationalization of the Bill of Rights in 1833?

The Bill of Rights limits state governments but not the national government.

The takings clause does not cover accidents caused by the governments officials.

The Bill of Rights should be used if a state's constitution already contains its own bill of rights.

The takings clause restricts national and state governments but not city governments.

The Bill of Rights limits the national government but not the state government.

18.

1 point

The process by which some of the liberties in the Bill of Rights were applied to the states (or nationalized) is known as

preemption

establishment

judicial activism

selective incorporation

civil liberties

19.

1 point

In their response to Brown v. Board of Education (1954), southern officials did all of the following EXCEPT

pass laws requiring schools to remain segregated

centralize school boards to prevent local districts from obeying the Supreme Court

protest the constitutionality of the Court's decision

enact "pupil placement" laws that placed the burden of transferring to all-white schools on nonwhite children and their parents

quickly desegregate their schools

20.

1 point

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the 14th Amendment?

The addition of the 14th Amendment eventually forced state governments to abide by almost every provision in the Bill of Rights, but the process took over 100 years.

The addition of the 14th Amendment had no effect whatsoever on state governments because it was designed to address the federal government.

The additions of the 14th Amendment immediately forced state governments to abide by all of the provisions in the Bill of Right.

The addition of the 14th Amendment required states to immediately abide by the 10th Amendment to the Constitution but not to any of the other amendments in the Bill of Rights.

The addition of the 14th Amendment required states to immediately abide by the 1st Amendment to the Constitution but not to any of the other amendments in the Bill of Rights.

21.

1 point

The Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission (2010) was significant because it concluded that the

Constitution prohibits the government from limiting campaign spending in any way.

Constitution allows the government to ban political speech funded by corporations.

Constitution allows the government to prevent certain candidates from running campaign ads.

"millionaire's amendment" to the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act was consistent with the Constitution.

Constitution prohibits the government from regulating political speech funded by corporations.

22.

1 point

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on voter registration in southern states?

A smaller percentage of African Americans registered to vote in southern states after passage of the Voting Rights Act.

A much larger percentage of whites registered to vote in southern states after passage of the Voting Rights Act.

The percentage of African Americans registering to vote did not change at all after passage of the Voting Rights Act.

The gap between the percentage of whites registering to vote and the percentage of African Americans registering to vote declined significantly after passage of the Voting Rights Act.

The gap between the percentage of whites registering to vote and the percentage of African Americans registering to vote increased significantly after passage of the Voting Rights Act.

23.

1 point

Which of the following protections are not contained in the 1st Amendment?

the establishment clause

the free exercise clause

freedom from unlawful search and seizures

freedom of the press

the right to a peaceably assemble

24.

1 point

_____ is a court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention.

An advisory opinion

Habeas corpus

Ex post facto

A bill of attainder

A writ of mandamus

25.

1 point

The Supreme Court's decision in Bakke v. Board of Regents was significant because

it declared that affirmative action policies would no longer be subject to strict scrutiny from the courts.

it states that diversity is a compelling state interest and that university admissions that take racial categories into account are constitutional as long as they are highly individual

it states that race can never be used as a factor in university admissions

it evaluated the constitutionality of mechanical point systems that favor minority applicants in university admissions

it permitted quotas and separate university admissions standards for members of minority groups

26.

1 point

The term eminent domain describes the

power of the government to take private property for public use.

right of individuals not to have their private property taken by the government.

power of the Supreme Court to declare the meaning and scope of all civil liberties.

power of the federal government to seize land owned by the federal government.

power of the state governments to ignore a law enacted by the federal government.

27.

1 point

Which of the following would NOT be an example of speech plus?

distributing leaflets advocating political reform

picketing a factory

assassinating a political leader

holding a sit-in at a public park

burning the American flag

28.

1 point

Freedom of speech and of the press have a special place in American democracy because

they were the last provisions in the Bill of Rights to be incorporated through the dues process clause of the 14th Amendment.

free and open debate is an essential mechanism for determining the quality and validity of competing ideas.

They are the only liberties explicitly mentioned in the Bill of Rights.

they have never been restricted by any law in the history of the US.

they were the only liberties explicitly mentioned in Article I of the Constitution.

29.

1 point

The first and most famous test for determining when the government could intervene to suppress political speech was called the ______.

Lemon test

strict scrutiny test

speech plus test

imminent lawless action test

clear and present danger test

30.

1 point

In McDonald v. Chicago, the Supreme Court ruled that

states can require citizens to own firearms

felons can be prevented from purchasing assault rifles

the 2nd Amendment applies only to the federal government and not to the states

the 2nd Amendment applies to states as well as the federal government

federal grants can be used to support the formation of state militias

31.

1 point

Which of the following was not a way the 24th Amendment of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 significantly extended and protected voting rights?

making it a crime to interfere

requiring all voters to register two weeks before any federal election

abolishing the poll tax

providing for the replacement of local registrars with federally appointed registrars in countries designed as significantly resistant to registering eligible black voters

barring literacy tests as a condition for voting in six southern states

32.

1 point

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) and Roe v. Wade (1973) have been extremely important in the development of

a constitutional right to privacy

American due process

New Federalism

a test that can be used to determine what is protected speech

the rights of individuals accused of crimes

33.

1 point

Which of the following is true of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

The justices outlawed de facto segregation

The justices outlawed de jure segregation

The justices allowed school systems to desegregate "with all deliberate speed"

The justices upheld the separate but equal doctrine.

The justices decided not to use the strict scrutiny test.

34.

1 point

Desegregating schools in northern states proved to be difficult because

very few minorities lived in the North

segregation in the North was generally de facto, the product of both segregated hosing and acts of private discrimination that were hard to prove

discrimination in the South was so visible and pervasive that little attention had been given to other parts of the country

there were less hostility toward segregation in the North

there was less tax revenue to fund integration efforts in the North than in the South

35.

1 point

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) established the right

to counsel in felony cases

against self-incrimination

to be informed of constitutional rights at the time of arrest.

against suspicion-less searches and seizures.

to an open trial before a judge.

36.

1 point

During the late 19th century, the equal protection clause was

used as a strong tool for engineering racial equality

severely limited in scope by the Supreme Court

ruled to be unconstitutional

more strongly defended by individual states than by the federal government

not implemented because of a lack of tax revenue

37.

1 point

______ are areas of personal freedom with which governments are constrained from interfering.

Civil rights

Civil liberties

Civil and political discourse

Electoral rights

Political Rights