Chapter 10. Advanced concepts in DNA

1.

1 point

The two DNA strands in a sample are separated, or denatured, as the first step in a:

restriction fragment length polymorphism

polymerase chain reaction

simple organic DNA differential extraction

All of these choices

2.

1 point

If each parent passes on the allele for a long second toe:

None of these choices

the child will be homozygous and have a long second toe.

the child will be heterozygous and have a long second toe.

the child will have the homologous chromosome as well

3.

1 point

A polymerase chain reaction can be used to accurately analyze DNA in even very small samples of biological evidence

True

False

4.

2 points

Samples of your DNA that you inherited only from your mother can be found in your ____________________

5.

1 point

Mistakes in the genetic code that occur during transcription are called

mutations.

codons

None of these choices

alleles

6.

1 point

To collect DNA evidence at a crime scene, investigators:

always allow the object that bears biological evidence, such as blood, to air dry.

always make sure that each piece of evidence is packaged separately in an envelope or paper bag

All of these choices

always wear protective gloves that are discarded after each individual piece of evidence is collected.

7.

1 point

DNA is most likely to degrade in

cold, dry circumstances, such as a frozen body

certain tissues of a decomposing body

warm, moist environments outside the body

All of these choices

8.

2 points

The subunits that make up DNA molecules are called ______________________________.

9.

1 point

CODIS is a nationwide database of DNA fingerprints of:

None of these choices

people who have been convicted of a crime or who have been bonded

people who have been convicted of any crime

people who have been convicted of certain crimes

10.

1 point

Chemical reactions in cells are catalyzed, regulated, and controlled by

alleles

proteins

all of these choices

genes

11.

1 point

DNA fingerprints or profiles come from

analysis of DNA fragments called restriction fragment length polymorphisms

analysis of the variable tandem repeats

analysis of DNA fragments with high molecular weights

All of these choices

12.

1 point

In transcription, portions of DNA are copied to form identical strings of DNA.

True

False

13.

2 points

Chemicals and fluorescent dyes are used as a presumptive test at a crime scene to screen for

acid phosphatase in seminal fluid

amylase in saliva

hemoglobin in blood

None of these choices

14.

1 point

In addition to identical twins, siblings sometimes can have identical DNA.

True

False

15.

1 point

Differential extraction is often used to isolate DNA in cases of sexual assault

True

False

16.

1 point

To extract DNA from a very small sample of evidence, a forensic scientists will use

differential extraction

simple organic extraction

Chelex extraction

None of these choices

17.

1 point

DNA synthesis begins at the primers, once the forensic scientist has:

raised the temeprature of the sample to 72º C

None of these choices.

raised the temperature of the sample to 112º C

cooled the sample to 12º C

18.

2 points

The method used to extract DNA from an evidence sample varies according to

the amount of evidence that is available for analysis.

the type of biological evidence being analyzed

All of these choices

the type of cells that are present in the evidence to be analyzed

19.

1 point

Known samples of DNA, such as DNA collected from a crime victim, are called _________ samples

20.

1 point

____________________ extraction is used for larger samples of evidence because it separates DNA more thoroughly than the Chelex extraction method

21.

1 point

PCR starting and stopping points are marked by ____________________

22.

1 point

If a variation is seen in a marker sequence of DNA from the evidence sample and the reference sample, then

the samples are from different people.

None of these choices

further samples are tested to confirm the finding

the samples are from different portions of the DNA of the same person

23.

1 point

A forensic scientist would use simple organic extraction to isolate the DNA in a sample of:

All of these choices

blood

saliva

skin cells

24.

1 point

A single matching marker in two DNA samples could indicate that the samples are from the same person or from two related people.

True

False

25.

1 point

The most common method of establishing a DNA fingerprint examines

restriction fragment polymorphism

All of these choices

Southern blotting

short tandem repeats