Protection test 1, pt 2

Which of the following results in all-directional scatter?

1 gray equals

When a vacancy exists in an inner electron shell of an atom (as a result of photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, or bombardment by other electrons), the energy liberated when this vacancy is filled, instead of emerging from the atom as fluorescent radiation, can be transferred to another electron of the atom, thereby ejecting the electron. Such an emitted electron is called a(n):

Electromagnetic radiation can travel through space in the form of a wave but can also interact with matter as a particle of energy. This dual nature is referred to as:

Fluorescent radiation is also known as

Of the following numerical choices, which is the effective atomic number (Zeff) of soft tissue?

The x-ray photon energy required to initiate pair production is:

Annihilation radiation is used in which of the following modalities?

X-rays are carriers of

Which of the following influences attenuation?
1. Effective atomic number of the absorber
2. Mass density
3. Thickness of the absorber

In which of the following x-ray interactions with matter is the energy of the incident photon partially absorbed?

In the SI system, an energy absorption of 1 joule (J) per kilogram of matter in the irradiated object equals which of the following?

Radiographic density is

If 400 people receive an average effective dose of 0.25 Sv, what is the collective effective dose?

Which of the following helps shield the global population from exposure to essentially all high-energy, bombarding cosmic rays?

What is the term for the number of x-rays emitted per inner-shell vacancy the process of photoelectric absorption?

As the intensity of x-ray exposure of the air volume increases, the number of electron–ion pairs produced:

When exposed to high radon levels in the home, which of the following groups of people have the highest risk of developing lung cancer?

Which of the following is essentially the sum total of air kerma over the exposed area of the patient’s body surface?

Differences in density level between radiographic images of adjacent structures as seen in a completed radiograph define:

Which of the following defines attenuation?

Which of the following radiation quantities accounts for some biologic tissues' being more sensitive to radiation damage than other tissues?

If 100 people received an average effective dose of 0.35 Sv, what is the collective effective dose?

Which of the following was used as the first measure of exposure for ionizing radiation?

An equivalent dose as low as 0.25 Sv delivered to the whole body may cause which of the following for a few days?

Which of the following are forms of electromagnetic radiation?
1. Microwaves
2. Visible light
3. X-rays

As of 2006, when spread over the inhabitants of the United States, fallout from nuclear weapons tests and other environmental sources along with other human-made radiations contributed:

What does the SI radiation unit coulomb per kilogram measure?

What is the effective atomic number of compact bone?

Which of the following types of radiation contributes the most to the collective annual dose of the US population?

Which of the following is not another term for coherent scattering?

Of the following hereditary effects, which are considered to be late stochastic effects from exposure to ionizing radiation?
1. Decreased birth weight
2. Increased stillbirths
3. Infant and childhood mortality

The probability of occurrence of photoelectric absorption ______ as the energy of the incident photon decreases and the atomic number of the irradiated atoms ____________.

Terrestrial radiation includes which of the following sources?

To convert the number of grays into milligrays, the number of grays must be:

Which of the following processes is the foundation of interaction of x-rays with human tissue?

Alpha particles have a radiation weighting factor (WR) that is numerically equal to:

Which two interactions between x-radiation and matter may result in the production of small-angle scatter?

What is the SI unit for surface integral dose?

Which of the following effects must be measured to determine the total amount of radiation exposure in a specific volume of dry air under standard conditions of pressure and temperature (760 mm Hg or 1 atmosphere at sea level and 22° C)?

Which of the following is recognized as the main adverse health effect from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power accident?

Effective dose is calculated using a tissue weighting factor.

In the radiographic kilovoltage range, which of the following structures undergoes the most photoelectric absorption?

Acute melting of the uranium dioxide fuel of a nuclear reactor core requires how great a temperature?

Bundles of energy associated with electromagnetic radiation that have no mass or electric charge are:

Among physicians, cancer deaths attributed to x-ray exposure were reported as early as

Which of the following contributes significantly to the exposure of the radiographer?

The interactions of x-ray photons with any atoms of biologic matter are:

What is the half-life of radon-220?

Which of the following statements is true?