Comparative Politics Exam 2

Bottom-up, binding on government

The ability to rule on constitutional issues rising from cases brought before court is called

1.)Bring together diverse groups, people, and ideas.
- Help establish majority rules, prevents fragmentation
- But also heterogeneous - prevents tyranny of majority
2.)Way to hold politicians accountable: articulates ideology that can be evaluated
These are examples of what?

The future of Political economy is.

A-40 B-35 C-25
Plurality has 3 candidates. Which one one?

This form of cooptation has public exchange political support for specific favors or benefits.
Rent-seeking: Parts of state "rented out" to supporters
This is also a less structured method.

Rule by theft is...?

Nonbinding referenda(asking public opinion on a certain issue)

The origin goes back to Britain, notion of different chambers for different classes. Commonly used under federalism: One house represent local communities

Promotion of leaders above mortal qualities(e.g., Stalin)
1.) Extraordinary wisdom and power.
2.)Quasi-Religious qualities
3.)Use of media to portray this image.
This is called what?

Top-down(by government and legislature), binding on government(gov has to follow the final outcome)

Coercion and Surveillance & Cooptation are examples of what?

Voting campaign activity, membership of social and political groups(e.g., political parties or labor unions)

The promotion of equality is called

What are the reason why Modernization Theory occurs?

The most important determinant of the election results is?

Observation use of force against people. Targeted harassment, torture, killings. Widespread purges, indiscriminate terror. Separate populations is the constant fear. Secret police as a political tool to enforce.
This is called..?

1.) Rights of King John are restrained by lower aristocracy.
2.) Notion of rule of law: Laws apply to all irrespective of political position.
3.) Notion of legal supremacy over people and political leaders.
This is known as what?

This is substance of democracy itself, a variation in range of civil rights and liberties(Free speech, assembly, privacy, religion) This is called what?

i. The institution in charge with symbolizing nation at home and abroad.
ii. May be a president or a monarch
iii. Directly elected, indirectly elected by legislature, or hereditary(Monarchy)
iv. May be weaker or stronger, depending on head of government

Majority means only two candidates
Who is the majority in this example?
A- 51, B- 49

Less receptive to democracy
Islam: Tight connection between religion and state.
Asian Values: Confucian emphasis on community over individual
These are examples of what?

1.)Economic Explanation
2.)Elites and nondemocratic rule
3.)Society and nondemocratic rule
4.)International relations and nondemocratic rule.
5.)Culture and nondemocratic rule.
These are sources of what?

Social road map for politics
(Culture --> Authoritarianism)
This is known as what?

Greek Demos- The common people.
kratia- power
Political power direct, or indirect through participation, competition, and liberty.
This is the definition of what?

Organized life outside of the state.
Examples of this include clubs, associations, and societies

What is the Caveats

Judicial Review
Concrete Review
Abstract Review
These are forms of what?

This form of government is a mixture of SMDP and PR

This function allows people to participate in expressing issues that are important. It aids in democratization. There ideas and actions affect ______

Winner-takes all. FPTP(First Past The Post).
One representative is elected from one district. Person who gets plurality of the votes wins

Christianity
Secularism
Individualism
National Identity and Nation-State
These are examples of what?

The national ballot on an issue is called?

1.)Foreign investment, trade, and globalization-->Modernization-->Strengthening -->Civil Society-->Democratization
2.)Education, media, and NGOs(Non-Governmental Organizations) outside the country
3.) Extent international influence highly variable

Some criticisms of democracy are?

Favors individual freedom over collective equality
This is called

This court has grown in importance over time.

Party representation in parliament is set roughly proportional to their strength in the electorate.

This method is used to bring individuals into an organization through beneficial relationships --> making people dependent on organizations for benefits. This presents in democracy, but is widespread in authoritarianism.

This form of cooptation has a limited number of state-sanctioned organizations. No private organizations allowed. Organizations connected directly to the state.

As societies become more modern they inevitably become democratic.

The ability to rule an constitutional issue without the need of a case is called?

Democracies may diffuse power by giving branches the ability to check each other. This may slow politics as a result, preventing hastly decision-making.These powers must be institutionalized-written in constitution, and accepted as legitimate

i. Emphasis on poverty/ development over inequality, not focused on wealth, but an outcome of that wealth.
ii. Quality of life: Literacy, education, life expectancy.
iii. Has a strong correlation with GDP
This is called?

Traditions and individualistic societies, not modernization, that breeds democracy.
political culture-->democratization

Coercion and Surveillance & Cooptation are examples of what?

The rules that decide how voters are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legislature.

The functions of Separation of Power are...?

What are the keys to happiness?

The promotion of freedom means