Poultry2

Most current UK Newcastle Disease Virus isolates are highly pathogenic

Newcastle disease may occur in both broilers and in laying birds

NDV can be controlled by an attenuated live virus vaccine

Newcastle disease virus may be transmitted from wild birds

Newcastle disease virus may cause respiratory, enteric or neurological disease

IBV causes respiratory disease in chicks

IBV causes respiratory disease in laying birds

IBV vaccine may be inoculated

IBV vaccine may be administered in drinking water

IBV is very genetically stable and antigenic variants are rare

Transmission of the H5N1 strain of avian influenza from birds to humans is highly efficient

Avian influenza virus is mainly transmitted by the faecal oral route

Pigs are the only species to have cellular receptors for both avian and human influenza viruses

For Avian influenza: Migrating wildfowl provide one of the main risks for infection of domestic poultry in the EU

Vaccination of laying birds provides effective disease control for avian influenza

Colisepticaemia in chickens is characterised by: mortality of 5-10%

Colisepticaemia in chickens is characterised by:anorexia, dullness & huddling

Colisepticaemia in chickens is characterised by: perihepatitis and pericarditis

Colispeticaemia in chickens can be prevented by vaccination
UNSURE for this answer - "Prevention is by: Control of predisposing factors and infections (usually by vaccination). Immunity is not well documented though both autogenous and commercial vaccines have been used. "
... so I'm putting true but not 100% sure

Colisepticaemia has permanent effects on growth in some birds

Mycoplasma meleagridis can be transmitted by the aerosol route

Mycoplasma meleagridis can be transmitted through the egg

mycoplasma meleagridis can be transmitted venereally

mycoplasma meleagridis can be transmitted in water

Mycoplasma meleagridis survives for a year in dust

The diagnosis of coccidiosis in based on high faecal oocyst counts

Sulphonamides are frequently used in the treatment of coccidiosis
UNSURE- put true as antibiotics often used in coccidiosis to treat 2ary infections due to disruption of gut flora

Chickens may be a source of histomonas infection for turkeys

synagmus trachei may be a problem in intensive indoor poultry units

Poultry houses may remain infected with the red mite dermanyssus, in the absence of birds

In regard to egg production: salmonella enteritis can enter the egg contents through the egg shell
UNSURE (notes state: salmonella is transmitted via the egg from parent to chick - BUT I don't think this is through the egg shell so I have put false)

In regard to egg production: the risk of disease outbreak is higher in free range systems

Eggshell quality is unaffected by diseases such as infectious bronchitis

Washing of grade A eggs is not permitted within the European community but is permitted in other countries

Egg white has antibacterial properties

Feeding vitamin D metabolites can prevent tibial dyschondroplasia

tibial dyschondroplasia is associated with the build up of prehypertrophic chondrocytes

Leg bone deformities can occur in both broiler and layer birds

Osteoporosis in laying hens is associated with loss of medullary bone

Osteoporosis in layers is associated with high egg output