A & P Urinary System

1.

1 point

Urine is transported from kidney to urinary bladder by the ___?

Aorta

Inferior vena cava

Ureter

Urethra

2.

1 point

What is NOT a major function of the kidneys?

Regulation of acid base balance

Removal of metabolic wastes

Regulation of blood volume and pressure

Hematopoiesis

3.

1 point

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to _____.

conserve or eliminate hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

regulate blood solute concentration

regulate removal of metabolic wastes

regulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow

4.

1 point

In which kidney region are the renal pyramids located?

renal pelvis

renal sinus

renal cortex

renal medulla

5.

1 point

What are the two main subdivisions of the nephron?

renal pyramids and renal columns

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

renal cortex and renal medulla

glomerulus and peritubular capillaries

6.

1 point

The process of filtration occurs at the ___.

collecting duct

renal corpuscle

distal tubule

proximal tubules

7.

1 point

Which statement best describes the function of tubular reabsorption?

Tubular reabsorption reclaims items from filtrate and returns them to the blood.

Tubular reabsorption moves items from the peritubular capillary blood into the filtrate.

Tubular reabsorption moves blood plasma through the filtration membrane of the glomerular capillaries.

Tubular reabsorption removes toxins from the blood that was not filtered.

8.

1 point

Filtrate and whole blood contain identical constituents.

True

False

9.

1 point

What is the normal value for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mL/min?

75

125

275

500

10.

1 point

Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP) is created by __________.

proteins such as albumin in the blood

systemic blood pressure

fluids in blood plasma

filtrate in the capsular space

11.

1 point

What is net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerular capillaries, in mm Hg?

-5

0

10

25

12.

1 point

Which of the following is an effect of angiotensin-II (A-II)?

A-II decreases blood volume

A-II decreases systemic pressure

A-II promotes thirst

A-II dilates efferent arterioles

13.

1 point

The reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule helps regulate __________.

blood solute concentration of sodium ions

blood pH

blood pressure

blood volume

14.

1 point

Which hormones promote facultative water reabsorption?

aldosterone and ANP

aldosterone and ADH

ADH and ANP

ANP and parathyroid hormone

15.

1 point

The majority of sodium ions are reclaimed through sodium ion leak channels in the proximal tubule.

True

False

16.

1 point

How much urine (in liters) is typically produced in a 24 hour period?

0.5

1.8

0.9

4.3

17.

1 point

What does the countercurrent mechanism accomplish in the nephron loop?

production of very dilute urine

constriction of the arterioles to increase blood pressure

secretion of water and electrolytes into the filtrate

creation of a steep concentration gradient for continued water reabsorption

18.

1 point

The juxtamedullary apparatus acts as a special vascular system called the countercurrent exchanger.

True

False

19.

1 point

Countercurrent multiplication and exchange occurs in the ____?

proximal tubule

nephron loop and casa recta

distal tubule

renal corpuscle

20.

1 point

Where does ADH promote water reabsorption?

real corpuscle

nephron loop

proximal tubules

medullary collecting duct

21.

1 point

Each of the following is typical of urine EXCEPT __________.

a pH of 3.0

yellow color

translucency

mild odor

22.

1 point

Renal clearance is defined as __________.

the percent of blood plasma that passes through the filtration membrane

the amount of nitrate formed by both kidneys in one minute

the rate at which kidneys remove a substance from the blood

the amount of filtrate that is reabsorbed during one day

23.

1 point

What is renal clearance used to estimate?

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

net filtration pressure (NFP)

countercurrent exchange

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

24.

1 point

The trigone of the urinary bladder is created by __________.

the internal and external urethral sphincters

the internal and external urethral orifices

the openings to the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice

the prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra

25.

1 point

What initiates the micturition reflex?

Parasympathetic efferent fibers stimulate the contraction of the detrusor muscle.

Stretch receptors in the wall of the urinary bladder signal the sacral region of the spinal cord.

The external urethral sphincter relaxes.

The internal urethral sphincter relaxes.

26.

1 point

Voluntary neural control is necessary for what?

contraction of the internal urethral sphincter

relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter

contraction of the detrusor muscle

relaxation of the external urethral sphincter

27.

1 point

The indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the __________.

calyx

pyramid

hilum

pelvis

28.

1 point

The functional units of the kidneys are the

glomeruli

renal pyramids

renal sinuses

nephrons

29.

1 point

Urine drains from major calyx to the ___

papilla

minor calyx

renal pelvis

renal tubule

30.

1 point

Where does blood in the arcuate artery travel next on its journey toward the glomerulus?

segmental artery

interlobular artery

renal artery

interlobular (cortical radiate) artery

31.

1 point

The portion of the renal tubule through which filtrate initially flows is known as the __________.

distal tubule

proximal tubule

nephron loop (loop of henle)

collecting duct

32.

1 point

What should NOT be found in filtrate?

electrolytes

glucose

albumin

water

33.

1 point

The glomerular filtration rate is defined as __________.

amount of filtrate reabsorbed during a 24 hour period

rate at which the kidneys remove a substance from the blood

amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute

percent of blood plasma the passes through the filtration membrane

34.

1 point

The myogenic mechanism acts to restore glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by changing __________.

tubular secretion of metabolic wastes

blood pressure

vessel diameter

blood pH

35.

1 point

What will NOT stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

stimulation from the macula densa cells

sympathetic nervous system stimulation

an increase in systemic blood pressure

low glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

36.

1 point

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following, EXCEPT __________.

constrict both the afferent and efferent arterioles

increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

increase renin secretion

increase blood concentration of angiotensin-II (A-II)

37.

1 point

Reabsorption of filtered glucose from the filtrate into the cells of the proximal tubule is by __________.

secondary active transport

antiport

diffusion

facilitated diffusion

38.

1 point

Substances used to measure renal clearance should be __________.

secreted but neither filtered nor reabsorbed

filtered and reabsorbed, but not secreted

filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted

filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted

39.

1 point

What effect does high blood pressure have on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the absence of regulatory mechanisms?

GFR will decrease

GFR will increase

GFR won't change

GFR will decrease then increase

40.

1 point

A drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to __________.

increased secretion of aldosterone

increased blood volume

increased sodium reabsorption

decreased blood pressure

41.

1 point

Dilute urine is more likely to be produced when __________.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present in the distal tubule

the collecting duct is impermeable to water

the distal tubule is permeable to water

sodium and chloride ions are reabsorbed from the descending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle)