20th Century Key Words

Treaty signed in 1919, ending WWI

The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals

Economic system, where means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned, profits gained in free market

first woman to serve as a prime minister, of England, conservative – symbolized shift away from welfare economy

symbol of the iron curtain, prevented East Berliners access to the West

When Dutch were given control by the British and they practiced extreme segregation called

International organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security and economic development

International diplomatic and peace organization Created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI;One of the chief goals of President Woodrow WilsonIn the peace negotiations

U.S. assistance program for Latin America to counter revolutionary politics (1961)

During postwar Japan, he co-founded the Global company, Sony.

The policy of granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace.

predominance of armed forces in the administration/policy of a state (Germany during WWI and Japan during WWII)

system of government, under authority of a dictator, through suppression of the opposition by means of terror and censorship

US foreign policy to prevent the spread of Communism.

revolution in that allowed the increasing availability of information due to the use of things like computers, internet and other technologies

Led social revolution in Egypt in 1952 And was an army officer and politician who served. As both prime minister (1954-56) and president 1956-58). His nationalism of the Suez Canal precipitated an international crisis in 1956.

introduced during the Cold War, policy or practice, especially in international politics and foreign policy, of pushing a dangerous situation to the point of disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome by forcing the opposition to make concessions. During the Cold War, the threat of nuclear force was often used as such a deterrent.

system of government in which every one is equal, property is owned by the government

Part of Stalin’s Five Year Plans. HE took over private farms and combined them into state-owned enterprises and created large, nationalized factories.

political leader of India, played a key role in gaining independence for India through non-violent protest, boycott.

soviet leader who brought an end to the cold war through his foreign policy

treaty between USSR and the Central Powers, calling for Russia to withdraw from WWI and to surrender territory.

Fought between Egypt and Israel in 1967; was disastrous for Egypt and one of the failed foreign adventures under Gamal Abdul Nasser, adding to the regime’s problems.

cultures under the Russian Empire become a part of a Great Russian Culture- loyalty to the tsar, a form of nationalism

When Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985, he instituted policies of openness and urged a perestroika (restructuring) of the soviet economy.

Chinese politician who served as provisional president of the republic after the fall of the Manchu in 1911.

The leader of the Guomindang or Nationalist party in China in the mid 1920’s; became the most powerful leader in China in the early 1930’s , but his Nationalist forces were defeated and driven from China by the communist after World War II.

After being released from prison for helping to lead the black organization, African National Congress in South Africa, he became the nation’s first Democratically elected president in 1994

a political philosophy supporting the right and power of the people in their struggle against he privileged elite

A prohibition by a government on certain/all trade with a foreign nation - method of pressuring a nation diplomatically

Governments entrusted to European nations in the Middle East in the aftermath of WWI.

social theory on evolution applied to determine social class (the strong survives, the weak doesn’t, Europeans= the best)

Alliance between entities (nations, states, groups).

Members of the Nicaraguan social and revolution movement named after Augusto Sandino

founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of Russian revolution, first leader of USSR

South African of European ancestry, especially one descended from 17th-century Dutch settlers.

movement in the 1800's to unite the Slavic people in Austria and the Ottoman Empire

Chinese communist leader; came to power in 1949

Extending a nations authority over another nations economy/politics

The systematic and planned extermination of an entire national, racial, political, or ethnic group