Cell Biology Lectures 21-22 (Part 3)

1.

1 point

Growth factors:
Stimulate ______________ by promoting synthesis and inhibiting degradation of proteins and other macromolecules

2.

1 point

Cell ensures that chromosomes are properly attached to mitotic spindle before pulling them apart.

G1-S transition

Mitosis

G2-M transition

G0 Resting Phase

3.

1 point

Mitogens overcome the molecular “brakes” to entering the cell cycle

True

False

4.

1 point

Necrosis triggers inflammation.

True

False

5.

1 point

How is the first caspase activated in the extrinsic pathway?

Induced proximity within death-inducing signaling complex (DISC)

Induced proximity within TCR of cytotoxic T cell

Induced proximity within Cytotoxic T cells

None of the Above

6.

1 point

Tor promotes protein synthesis and prevents protein degradation

True

False

7.

1 point

Inactivated Rb allows E2f activity, thus turning on genes that promote the cell cycle.

True

False

8.

1 point

Survival factors prevent apoptosis

True

False

9.

1 point

How is the first caspase activated in the intrinsic pathway?

Induced proximity within Cytochrome C

Induced proximity within Apoptosome

Induced proximity within Procaspase 9 initiator

None of the Above

10.

1 point

A factor that phosphorylates and inactivates Rb is called a:

Survival factor

Mitogen

Growth factor

None of these answers

11.

1 point

Survival factors:
Promote ____________ by suppressing apoptosis

12.

1 point

What happens in prophase?

Sister chromatins separate

Assembly of mitotic spindle

Chromosomes align at the equator of the spindle

Nuclear membrane reforms

13.

1 point

Caspases are divided into initiator and executioner caspases.

True

False

14.

1 point

Cytokinesis begins with a cleavage furrow.

True

False

15.

1 point

What happens to apoptotic cells in the body?

They become insensitive to antigrowth signals

They get recycled by the nucleus

Cells condense

They are phagocytized by other cells.

16.

1 point

An adaptor protein is required for DISC assembly.

True

False

17.

1 point

BCl2, Rb, and Tor inhibits apoptosis

True

False

18.

1 point

What is a marker of apoptosis found on the cell membrane?

Nuclear envelope disassembles

Formation of DNA ladder

Flipping of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the outer membrane

Nuclear chromatin condenses and breaks into fragments

19.

1 point

Cell cycle control system allows complex regulation and a system malfunction can result in cancer

True

False

20.

1 point

A factor that activates Tor is called a:

Survival factor

Mitogen

Growth factor

None of these answers

21.

1 point

An activator of the extrinsic pathway is?

Cytotoxic T cell

MHC proteins

Caspase cascade

Fas ligand

22.

1 point

What happens in anaphase?

Nuclear membrane reforms

Assembly of mitotic spindle

Chromosomes align at the equator of the spindle

Sister chromatins separate

23.

1 point

How do unattached chromosomes prevent sister chromaitd separation?

By blocking CDK

By blocking Cytokinesis

By blocking APC

By blocking p53

24.

1 point

What triggers the separation of sister chromosomes in anaphase?

CDK

Cytokinesis

APC

p53

25.

1 point

The formation of digits in the paw are a result of apoptosis.

True

False

26.

1 point

Tumor cells usually have excessive apoptosis.

True

False

27.

1 point

Cell surface blebs are a hallmark of apoptosis.

True

False

28.

1 point

Cell commits to chromosome duplication. Cell must have sufficient nutrients and specific signaling molecules from other cells. This step is especially important in regulating cell division.

Mitosis

G2-M transition

G1-S transition

G0 Resting Phase

29.

1 point

The intrinsic pathway relies on the mitochondria and cytochrome c release.

True

False

30.

1 point

Tumor cells have found ways to avoid apoptosis.

True

False

31.

1 point

Executioner caspases cleave other cellular protein.

True

False

32.

1 point

What happens in telophase?

Nuclear membrane reforms

Chromosomes align at the equator of the spindle

Assembly of mitotic spindle

Sister chromatins separate

33.

1 point

Mitogens:
Stimulate _____________ by overcoming intracellular “brakes” for the cell cycle

34.

1 point

How did caspases get their name?

Cysteine, Apoptotic

Cytoskeleton, Aspartic

Cysteine, Aspartic

Cytoskeleton, Apoptotic

35.

1 point

What happens in metaphase?

Chromosomes align at the equator of the spindle

Assembly of mitotic spindle

Nuclear membrane reforms

Sister chromatins separate

36.

1 point

Apoptosis was discovered in which organism?

Humans

C. Elegans

Tadpoles

Frogs

37.

1 point

Occurs in the absence of appropriate signals and cells retain the ability to reassemble the cell-cycle control system if needed

G2-M transition

G1-S transition

Mitosis

G0 Resting Phase

38.

1 point

Activators of the intrinsic pathway include?

DNA damage

Nutrient deprivation

Apoptosome

Dehydration

Hypoxia

39.

1 point

BCl2 inhibits apoptosis

True

False

40.

1 point

Rb promotes protein synthesis and prevents protein degradation

True

False

41.

1 point

What happens to DNA upon apoptosis?

It fragments into increments of 130 nt

It fragments into increments of 150 nt

It fragments into increments of 140 nt

It fragments into increments of 160 nt

42.

1 point

Cell makes sure DNA is fully replicated and not damaged. Cell then commits to aligning duplicated chromosomes on spindle.

Mitosis

G0 Resting Phase

G1-S transition

G2-M transition

43.

1 point

Growth factors promote protein synthesis and inhibit protein degradation

True

False

44.

1 point

What are three forms of cell death?

Autophagy, Metastasis, Antigrowth

Apoptosis, Necrosis, Autophagy

Apoptosis, Metastasis, Autophagy

Apoptosis, Necrosis, Metastasis

45.

1 point

Caspases are synthesized as inactive precursors.

True

False

46.

1 point

What are the morphological changes associated with apoptosis?

Cells condense

Large vacuoles variable feature

Cytoskeleton collapses

Nuclear envelope disassembles

Nuclear chromatin condenses and breaks into fragments

All of the Above

Only A, B, and C

47.

1 point

Caspases only cleave other caspases

True

False

48.

1 point

A type of factor that increases Bcl2 levels is called a:

Survival factor

Mitogen

Growth factor

None of these answers

49.

1 point

Apoptosis triggers inflammation.

True

False

50.

1 point

What is the contractile ring made of?

Acting filament

Myosin filament

Tubulin filament

A & B

B & C