PBIO Exam 4 Part II

Since what event have world temperatures been rising steadily?

The following factors cause what?

-overhunting
-loss of keystone species
-habitat destruction
-habitat fragmentation

The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and the interactions that determine distribution and abundance:

Nitrogen makes up 78% of the earth's atmosphere and plants access it directly :

What can humanity do to decrease the level of CO2 in the atmosphere (other than cutting back on pollution)?

This movement increases/sustains yields while supporting ecosystem services by:

-crop breeding for performance in lower input systems
-greater use of on-farm diversity
-less reliance on chemical outputs

Which of the following are true?

What enhances certain ecosystem services?

This movement dramatically increased crop yields through:
-crop breeding for performance in high input systems
-expanded chemical fertilizer use
-expanded irrigation

Where does diversity tend to be higher?

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRcHhkTFY4c1ZBNjg

CLICKER 1

When two different plants in the same niche evolve to reduce their niche overlap, they are practicing:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRdUhickhNNGJESW8

CLICKER 9

Distribution determined by climate and historical factors:

Processes such as primary production, decomposition, nutrient cycling, pollination, and various niche construction activities that regulate the flux and matter through an environment:

What records tell us where and when a species was in an area?

The conditions under which the species maintains positive population growth in the absence of other species:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRMmZxdTZFMjRkdFk

CLICKER 10

The idea that a lot of diversity at the ecosystem level results in decreased volitility, since species will tend to respond to environment changes in different ways:

(similar to the way an investment banker will invest in a diversity of companies, to average out the ups and downs of any particular company)

What must nitrogen be converted to before it can be accessed by plants?

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRX3JiRVIzM3dGSTQ

CLICKER 3

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRN1Rtb1NvZmktNDg

CLICKER 6

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRSENLSnJBek1HdVU

CLICKER 5

All of the populations present in a given area:

Distribution determined by fine scale gradients in soil moisture:

All the individuals of a given species present in an area.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRc1g1TzNFcUhlVlU

CLICKER 11

What determines global patterns of wind direction and participation (and how many of these are there)?

What, above all else, controls abundance?

Which description of the flow of energy through an ecosystem uses trophic groups (lumps species together based on what they consume)?

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRNXJYakRxM2lhRDA

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What are some key characteristics of the equator that explain why there is more diversity there?

What type of growth occurs when the per capita population growth rate declines as the population size increases?

http://s3.amazonaws.com/cdn.graphpad.com/faq/1465/images/1465kinetics.png

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRMmNKeGZpXzFmLWM

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A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment:

Broad regions of similar ecosystems defined by climatic conditions:

Which region of the globe receives the most solar energy?

What tells us these things?

Limiting Factors (i.e. past climatic conditions):
-Temperature
-Precipitation

Climate Oscillations
-El Nino
-PDO, AMO, NAO, NAFO..

Past Disturbances
-Insect Outbreaks
-Fire Histories
-Flooding/Mudslides/Hurricanes/Tornadoes/etc..

Date Human-made objects
-Houses (Abe Lincoln's cabin)
-Instruments (violins, cellos, etc)

The science that uses tree rings dated to their exact year of formation to analyze temporal and spatial processes in the physical and cultural sciences:

The conditions under which the species maintains positive population growth in the presence of other species:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRX0ZaUnA0a0p6R3M

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Services, such as nutrient cycling, oxygen production, and photosynthesis, that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services:

What type of organism likes bright red flowers, lots of nectar in long tubes, and strong (not flimsy) flowers?

What principle states that two species competing for exactly the same resources cannot stably exist?

What records tell us when fire was prevalent in the area?

Which of the following are true about ecosystem processes?

Products obtained from ecosystems such as water, food, biofuels, pharmaceuticals:

Most common limiting factor in plants:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B83mdiGU_rtRUFlBckxxUjZvRkU

CLICKER 8