Ethics of Neuroscience

1.

1 point

What part of the brain can be observed as having different activity when someone is lying?

The motor cortex

The basal ganglia

The Prefrontal cortex

The hippocampus

2.

1 point

A "non-invasive" procedure generally refers to something that involves no:

Focus on the body

Physical effect on the body

Incision or insertions into the body

Stimulation of tissue

3.

1 point

What is the term for a three dimensional pixel on an fMRI scan?

pixel

trixel

voxel

digitel

4.

1 point

What idea does retributive justice depend on?

Duty to uphold laws

Need to deter future crime

Need to rehabilitate criminals

5.

1 point

What do we call it when people mistakenly think they remember something that never happened?

recovered memory

lying

deceptive reporting

false memory

6.

1 point

Neuromarketing is the intersection of what two areas of study?

Biology and consumer psychology

Neuroscience and economics

Neuroscience and consumer psychology

Brain imaging and economics

7.

1 point

How quickly can people observe two brands and make a decision about which one they prefer?

Faster than 350 Milliseconds

Faster than 100 milliseconds

Slower than 500 millisconds

Slower than 1000 milliseconds

8.

1 point

The process of using BOLD imaging to know specifically what word or picture someone is thinking of is known as:

Decoding

Proofing

Encoding

Minding

9.

1 point

What state recently instituted new laws that juries should be instructed about how to interpret eye witness testimony?

New Jersey

North Caroline

North Dakota

Iowa

10.

1 point

The study of how briefly seeing specific company or product logos can affect consumer behavior is called:

Explicit brant recall

Explicit logo recall

Implicit logo tactic

Implicit brand memory

11.

1 point

What is it called when new incorrect information alters or replaces an original memory of an event?

The influence effect

Consolidation

The misinformation effect

The misleading effect

12.

1 point

What does TMS stand for?

Trained Manipulation and Stimulation

Thought and Mind Stimulation

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Traded Mental Synapses

13.

1 point

Which of the following theories would be in favor of mass imprisonment of psychopaths?

Determinism

Restorative justice

Utalitarianism

14.

1 point

Noninvasive brain stimulation has been shown to improve cognitive skills in all of the following areas except:

Visual stimulus detection

Creative thinking

Language learning

Moral judgments

15.

1 point

Delay of gratification can be measured using which of the following?

Marshmallow test

Satisfaction test

Inhibition of return test

Driving test

16.

1 point

According to memory researchers, memory is NOT like a:

malleable representation

Video recording

Heuristic

17.

1 point

Symptoms such as tremors and difficulty initiating movements of the limbs are mostly associated with:

Depression

Parkinson's Disease

Alzheimer's Disease

Bipolar Disorder

18.

1 point

What part of the brain is associated with self-control?

The basal ganglia

The limbic system

The prefrontal cortex

The somatosensory cortex

19.

1 point

Which of the following is the main safety risk of rTMS?

Extreme thirst

Brain cancer

Itchy/Burning scalp

Possible seizures

20.

1 point

Neuromarketing usually involves using brain imaging to essentially:

Predict consumer behavior

Analyze salespeople

Decrease the need for focus groups

Understanding criminal behavior

21.

1 point

Which of the following technologies is commonly used to perform a brain imaging lie detector test?

fMRI--Functional magnetic resonance imaging

EEG---Electroencephalogram

DTI-- Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Single cell electrode recording

22.

1 point

In extreme cases where medication has failed, _________ can be used to treat Parkinson's Disease surgically.

DBS

TMS

ECT

tDCS

23.

1 point

TMS applied to the right temporoparietal junction caused participants to judge the permissibility of the intentions and actions of characters in short stories such that:

They focused more on the character's intention than the outcome

They focused more on the outcomes than the character's intention

They focused more on the virtues the character possessed

They focused more on the legality of the character's actions

24.

1 point

Manipulation of brain activity in what area results in participants accepting low offers in the ultimatum game -- suggesting a lack of concern about "fairness"?

Prefrontal cortex

Basal ganglia

Occipital cortex

Limbic cortex

25.

1 point

Which of the following is a main idea of determinism?

Belief in the importance of duty

Belief in free will

Belief in a lack of free will

Belief in the importance of outcomes

26.

1 point

What brain system matures last in adolescence?

Reward and Motivation

Emotion

Attention

Self-control and inhibition

27.

1 point

What is the main idea of the "The Boys from Brazil" problem?

We are a product of genetics and environment

We all have free will, nothing can dictate our behavior

We are a product only of our genetics

We are all personally responsible for our actions.

28.

1 point

Which of the following is the main safety risk of tDCS?

Possible seizures

Brain cancer

Itchy/Burning scalp

Extreme thirst

29.

1 point

What is it called when memories are recalled, and then put back into long term memory storage?

Retrieval

Encoding

Reconsolidation

Episodic memory

30.

1 point

Which of the following is correlated with violent behavior?

Decreased testosterone

Being a low weight at birth

Birth complications

31.

1 point

How is brain imaging potentially better at detecting lies that a traditional polygraph test?

Brain imaging measures blood pressure

Brain imaging allows researchers to differentiate between emotion and deception.

Polygraph tests are more time consuming

32.

1 point

Which of the following treatments involves applying an electrical current directly to the scalp?

tDCS

rTMS

APD

DBS

33.

1 point

Which of the following is the biggest challenge that could make it difficult to move brain imaging lie detection from the lab to the real world?

Cost of technology

Individual differences

Electrical interference

34.

1 point

Differences in activity of which of the following brain areas is associated with criminal behavior?

The basal ganglia

The Limbic system

The optic chasm

The motor cortex

35.

1 point

Symptoms such as fatigue, suicidal thoughts and insomnia are mostly associated with:

Bipolar Disorder

Depression

Parkinson's Disease

Alzheimer's Disease

36.

1 point

What part of the brain contains structures responsible for reasoning and decision making?

Occipital lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Frontal Lobe

37.

1 point

Another major ethical consern in the develpment of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques is the possibility of:

Memory improvement

Memory loss

DIY self-medicating

Unending research applications

38.

1 point

Polygraph tests are largely inadmissible in court. Why?

They lead to too much reliance on science.

They can alter people's memories

They are often inaccurate.

39.

1 point

What is considered to be one of the bigger obstacles to using brain imaging for neuromarketing research?

The lack of applications for the information we could get

The high cost of brain imaging

Public opinion is too positive

The law prohibits neuromarketing

40.

1 point

What is it called when your preconceived notion of wheather a product is good or rewarding changes your experience of the product?

Nocicebo effect

Spoiler effect

Expectation effect

Control Effect

41.

1 point

In what situations are teenagers more likely to be "all gasoline, no brakes, and no steering wheel"?

Situations requiring intense critical thinking

Highly emotional situations

Unemotional situations

situations involving sensory information

42.

1 point

Which of the following is a major ethical concern of using noninvasive brain stimulation on healthy people?

Ability to treat mood disorders

Academic honesty

Loss of life

Loss of appreciation for human talents

43.

1 point

What do marketing firms hope to gain from neuroscience?

The ability to see how children are different from adults

The ability to hypnotize all people into buy their product

The ability to correctly market products to the people who will buy them.

The ability to determine a criminal's guilt

44.

1 point

Which of the Following is consequentialist point of view?

Give people a punishment that fits their crime

Moral actions only come from moral people -- the morality of the individual is really what matters

Punishments should result in a future benefit to society

45.

1 point

Differences in activity of which of the following brain areas is associated with criminal behavior?

Somatosensory cortex

The prefrontal cortex

The brain stem

The reticular formation

46.

1 point

What does DBS stand for?

Deep Brain Stimulation

Depression Brain Stimulation

Direct Brain Synapses

Depression Bipolar Syndrome

47.

1 point

Phineus Gage had changes in personality after what happened?

He had an injury to his frontal lobe

His wife cheated on him

He had an injury to the occipital lobe

His boss fired him

48.

1 point

What does MVPA stand for?

most valuable player association

multi-voxel pattern analysis

mixed-voxel participant analysis

Multiple valuation period analysis

49.

1 point

Which of the following is a retributive point of view?

Give people a punishment that fits their crime.

Punishments should result in a future benefit to society.

Moral actions only come from moral people -- the morality of the individual is really what matters.

50.

1 point

The use of TMS and tDCS in healthy participants has been shown to improve:

Procedural memory

Implicit memory

Echoic memory

Working memory