AGEN1001 Quiz 2

1.

1 point

Who is responsible for NRM?

Industry bodies

RDCs

Governments

Land managers

LLS and CMA

2.

1 point

What issues could potentially diminish the effectiveness of NRM?

Limited funding

Lack of stewardship ethic

Government taking over decision-making in landcare groups

Difficulty in appealing to a range of ages in the community

3.

1 point

Which one of the following organisations is not responsible for pesticide regulations and guidelines?

APVMA

FAO

WHO

AVA

4.

1 point

Which is option is untrue of demographic changes experienced by rural communities in recent years?

Internal migration of retirees

Population decline

Out-migration of youth

Decrease in absentee farmers

5.

1 point

What are current issues with conservation in Australia?

Lack of public interest

Lack of resources to maintain land and national parks

Hard to effectively connect ecosystems without leaving "islands" of biodiversity between cleared lands

Political opposition to designating large areas of land to be protected

6.

1 point

Fill in the blanks:
"Approximately ___ percent of Australia needs to be set aside for effective conservation. As of 1991, only ___ percent of Australia was protected."

50, 9.3

20, 6.4

35, 15.2

35, 4

7.

1 point

In 1901 ___ percent of Australians lived in rural communities. By 1976, this declined to ___ percent.

40, 14

60, 25

30, 12

50, 20

8.

1 point

Match the following descriptions to their correctly associated colours:

I. Enterprises are seen as a solution to conservation paradigms; a shift is needed to push enterprises into a "green" direction

II. Drastic change is required in order to achieve sustainability, with larger areas needing to be dedicated towards conservation

III. Reliance on technology to solve sustainability issues

IV. Belief in waste minimisation

V. The belief that small, pragmatic changes amongst the masses are the solution to sustainability issues, rather than large drastic changes.

I. Deep Green II. Bright Green III. Pale Green IV. Brown V. Not green

I. Pale Green II. Deep Green III. Brown IV. Not green V. Bright Green

I. Bright Green II. Deep Green III. Not Green IV. Brown V. Pale Green

9.

1 point

The National Landcare Program was introduced in what year?

2000

1990

1970

2010

10.

1 point

Which of the following comes under "subsistence" use of natural resources?

Gathering of wild plants

Logging

Commercial wildlife harvest

Small-scale hunting and fishing

Grazing

11.

1 point

A "Laggard" is someone who:

Adopts to new methodologies when the majority adopts

Adopts to new methodologies late, if ever

Innovates

Adopts quickly to new methodologies

12.

1 point

Debt for dairy and broadacre farms have been increasing

True

False

13.

1 point

"Agro-ecology" is defined as:

A) Farming that centres on food production that makes use of natural resources, whist maintaining the longevity of these resources
B) The study of agriculture in an ecological environment
C)The science of soil quality management and crop production

C) Only

B) Only

A) and B)

A) Only

A) B) and C)

14.

1 point

Which of the following is not a current issue with extension?

A growing independence from private sector extension

Declining public investment

Less on-ground extension staff

Few mechanisms for training and accreditation

Work more available overseas in developing countries

15.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT an uncertainty within innovation systems?

Consumer uncertainty

Supplier uncertainty

Resource uncertainty

Technological uncertainty

Stakeholder uncertainty

16.

1 point

What possibilities could be implemented to achieve conservation on privately owned land?

Improving conventional farming systems

Designated "conservation reserves"

Alternative forms of land use that combine conservation with commercial return

17.

1 point

Which of the following criteria does not apply to organic pesticides?

Must be derived from botanical or mineral sources

Must not contain any human-synthesised chemicals

Must have a low toxicity

18.

1 point

Issues with NRM in Australia include:

Dependence on volunteers

Lack of continuity with restoration projects

Short-term contracted employees

Lack of funding

Lack of integration with production systems

19.

1 point

Which of the following is not considered an "innovation" in farming systems?

Robotic dairies

Precision agriculture

Integrated pest management

GM crops

Land tillage

20.

1 point

RfD is: "The estimate of the amount of chemical a person could be exposed to on a daily basis throughout their lifetime with an unlikely risk of harm."

True

False

21.

1 point

Which of the following groups members would not be considered an "extensionist"

Consumers

Scientists

Consultants

Industry or government

Conservationists

Agronomists

Other farmers

22.

1 point

Land management is crucial for which reasons?

Economic viability

Sustainability

Resource exploitation

Ecosystem and biodiversity maintenance

23.

1 point

What is the main difference between NRM in the EU and in Australia?

NRM is not prioritised in the EU, whereas in Australia it is considered highly important

Farmers in the EU are subsidised to manage the environment, whereas Australian farmers are expected to manage resources with minimal support

Australian farmers must make more of an effort to preserve ecosystems, since many of the plants and animals are endemic species

NRM in the EU is optional, whereas it is compulsory in Australia

24.

1 point

In what year was DDT banned in Western countries?

1990s

1980s

1970s

mid 1960s

25.

1 point

A "Sustainable use" approach to conservation:

Faces limitations, particularly through poor enforcement capacity and in situations of poverty

Ensures local rights whilst creating incentives to protect the land

Creates a rift in society over land use between private and public sectors

Is only an effective strategy for business

26.

1 point

Select the option that is not an impact of neoliberalism on rural communities:

Change in occupation

Decrease in privatisation of economic factors

Loss of services

Increased isolation

Loss of socio-economic resilience

Psychological detriment

27.

1 point

Adoption of a new product, technology or methodology is a rational and logical practice.

True

False

Not always true; it is case-dependent

28.

1 point

IPM focuses on intervention rather than prevention

True

False

29.

1 point

" Extension " is defined as:

The process of enabling change in individuals, communities and industries

The transfer of knowledge by both private and public sectors to farmers about ways to improve farm productivity and sustainability

Imparting relevant and valuable skills to industry

All of the above

30.

1 point

Effective long-term conservation occurs when:

Species extinction is halted altogether

Environmental systems are restored to their natural state

Species originations exceeds extinctions

31.

1 point

What are issues with protectionism as a conservation strategy?

Difficult to effectively enforce

Does not build incentives for conservation

Removes threat of legal exploitation

Difficult to cooperate with local people who may rely on the land

Low maintenance

32.

1 point

Define "Extensionist"

One who enables change by imparting knowledge, technology and valuable skill sets

One who extends the capabilities of an industry

One who improves productivity and sustainability

All of the above

33.

1 point

Most indigenous communities are located in:

Remote areas

Outer regional areas

Very remote areas

Major cities

34.

1 point

Indigenous estate makes up what percentage of Australian land mass?

31%

25%

13%

48%

35.

1 point

The cost-price squeeze is when production prices decrease whilst product prices increase

True

False

36.

1 point

The most common reasons why some farmers decide either to adopt or abandon innovations and technologies can be:

Operational

Familial

Psychological

Aspirational

Educational

Economic

Socio-cultural

37.

1 point

DDT is toxic to which of the following species?

Fish

Crustaceans

Birds

Insects

All of the above