GILL A&P 1ST 6WKS EXAM

1. Which of the following describes anatomy?

2. Physiology:

3. Withdrawing from a painful stimulus is an example of:

4. Metabolism refers to:

5. A somatotype characterized by having a muscular physique:
A. endomorph.
B. mesomorph.
C. ectomorph.
D. none of the above.

6. Homeostasis can best be described as:
A. a constant state maintained by living and nonliving organisms.
B. a state of relative constancy.
C. adaptation to external environment.
D. changes in body temperature.

7. From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are:
A. organism, chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organelle.
B. chemical, microscopic, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.
C. organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, organelle, chemical.
D. chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.

8. The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are:
A. molecules.
B. cells.
C. organelles.
D. atoms.

9. An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n):
A. tissue.
B. organism.
C. system.
D. organ.

10. An organ is one organizational step lower than a(n):
A. system.
B. cell.
C. organelle.
D. tissue.

11. The kind of element is determined by the number of:
A. protons.
B. neutrons.
C. mesotrons.
D. electrons.

12. Atomic weight is determined by the number of:
A. protons and electrons.
B. neutrons and electrons.
C. neutrons, protons, and electrons.
D. protons and neutrons.

13. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is:
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 8.

14. An isotope of an element contains a different number of ______ than other atoms of the same element.
A. electrons
B. protons
C. neutrons
D. protons and neutrons

15. Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element?
A. hydrogen
B. helium
C. oxygen
D. carbon

16. An example of an element would be:
A. Ne.
B. CO2.
C. C6H12O6.
D. H2O.

17. Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called:
A. acids.
B. bases.
C. buffers.
D. salts.

18. Acids:
A. are proton donors.
B. taste sour.
C. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution.
D. all of the above.

19. Approximately what percentage of body weight is water?
A. 40%
B. 50%
C. 60%
D. 70%

20. Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?
A. proteins
B. salts
C. lipids
D. nucleic acids

21. The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is a(n):
A. atom.
B. cell.
C. gene.
D. DNA molecule.

22. Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells?
A. gland cells
B. immune cells
C. nerve cells
D. red blood cells

23. Main cell structures include all of the following except:
A. organelles.
B. plasma membrane.
C. blood plasma.
D. cytoplasm.

24. Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?
A. self-identification
B. receptor site for messages
C. selective barrier
D. control center of the cell

25. The structure in white blood cells associated with the enzymatic breakdown of foreign material is the:
A. lysosome.
B. Golgi apparatus.
C. ribosome.
D. centriole.

26. The major function of ribosomes is to synthesize:
A. proteins.
B. carbohydrates.
C. fats.
D. cholesterol.

27. The organelles that can digest and destroy microbes that invade the cell are:
A. peroxisomes.
B. mitochondria.
C. ribosomes.
D. lysosomes.

28. Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted?
A. nucleolus
B. ribosome
C. mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus

29. Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are:
A. cilia.
B. flagella.
C. microvilli.
D. microtubules.

30. Granules or threads within the nucleus are called:
A. microfilaments.
B. chromatin.
C. nucleotides.
D. microtubules.

31. Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called:
A. pinocytosis.
B. osmosis.
C. facilitated diffusion.
D. dialysis.

32. Diffusion requires:
A. a semipermeable membrane.
B. a concentration gradient.
C. ions.
D. none of the above.

33. All of the following are examples of passive transport except:
A. filtration.
B. osmosis.
C. endocytosis.
D. dialysis

34. Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through:
A. facilitated diffusion.
B. filtration.
C. osmosis.
D. active transport.

35. Which of the following is not true of diffusion?
A. utilizes cellular energy
B. can occur in living and nonliving cells
C. may occur both into and out of the cell
D. energy source is noncellular
E. may include the movement of both solute and solvent molecules

36. Cells placed in a hypertonic solution will:
A. shrink.
B. swell.
C. stay the same.

37. The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of:
A. dialysis.
B. osmosis.
C. diffusion.
D. filtration.

38. Which is not true about the sodium and potassium pump?
A. It utilizes cellular energy.
B. Sodium moves into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell.
C. A carrier system is used.
D. It can move substances against their concentration gradient.

39. A process by which materials can be moved from a low concentration to a higher concentration is:
A. filtration.
B. facilitated diffusion.
C. active transport.
D. dialysis.

40. Phagocytosis is an example of:
A. exocytosis.
B. endocytosis.
C. passive transport.
D. facilitated diffusion.

41. The biology of tissues is called:
A. anatomy.
B. physiology.
C. histology.
D cytology.

42. The most widespread and abundant tissue in the body is:
A. epithelial.
B. connective.
C. muscle.
D. nervous.

43. Nerve tissue is derived from what type of germ layer?
A. endoderm
B. ectoderm
C. mesoderm
D. more than one of the above

44. Epithelial tissues develop from:
A. endoderm.
B. ectoderm.
C. mesoderm.
D. more than one of the above.

45. Muscle tissue develops from:
A. endoderm.
B. ectoderm.
C. mesoderm.
D. more than one of the above.

46. A tissue is:
A. a membrane that lines body cavities.
B. a group of similar cells that perform a common function.
C. a thin sheet of cells embedded in a matrix.
D. the most complex organizational unit of the body.

47. Blood is a member of which basic tissue type?
A. epithelial
B. connective
C. muscle
D. nervous

48. Which tissue lines body cavities and protects body surfaces?
A. epithelial
B. connective
C. muscle
D. nervous

49. Which of the following epithelial functions is a primary activity of glandular epithelium?
A. protection
B. secretion
C. sensation
D. excretion

50. What structure is formed by the union of the basal and reticular lamina?
A. nucleus
B. basement membrane
C. lysosome
D. endoplasmic reticulum