Research 1

2

5

3

6

4

The collection of'data from more than one case at one moment in time

A comparison of two or more variables over a long period of time

A study of one particular section of society, e.g. the middle classes

One that is deVised when the researcher is in a bad mood

Specifying a sampling method for selecting items or events from the frame, Determining the sample size

All are corrects

Defining the population of concern, Specifying a sampling frame, a set of items or events possible to measure

When your population is very small, When you have extensive Implementing the sampling plan, Sampling and data collecting

Reviewing the sampling process

40%

20%

80%

10%

90%

Decision makers

The public

The data collectors

All are correct

a. and b. above

All are corrects

Budget, Equipment, instruments, materials

Planning, protocol adjustment, Conditions, Selected examiners

Equipment, instruments, materials, and Administrative issues, Data collection...

Sample size to be represented, epidermiology, Data collection

This is sampling of subjects for reasons of convenience for easy to recruit, near at hand, likely to respond.

This is selection by count

Method used to locate data for development and challenging of hypotheses that derived from previous interviews

Method used in order to pilot questionnaires or generate hypotheses for further study

When your population is very small, When you have extensive resources, and When you don 't expect a very high response

When your population is very small, When you have extensive resources, and When you don't expect a very low response

When your population is not very small, When you have extensive resources, and When you do expect a very high response

When your population is very big;-When you have extensive resources, and When you don't expect a very high response

When your population is very big, When you have extensive resources, and When you don't expect a very low response

Is systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena

Is critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena.

Is controlled and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena.

Is empirical and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena.

Is systematic and critical investigation ofnatural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses

Process of sampling incomplete group of units

Method of sampling which divides the population into layers

Process of sampling complete group of units.

Process of sampling complete group ofunits and Method of sampling which divides the population into layers

All are corrects

Registrar's office, Class rosters

Class rosters

Registrar's office

Must assess sampling frame errors

Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done

It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups

Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample

Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions

A diagnostic algorithm

Staff members

A sampling frame

All are correct

Census

Sampling

None of the above

Survey research

We reject HO and accept HI

we accept HO

We reject HI

We cannot decide

We can decide

Literature review which responds to question of Who, When, What, Where

Literature review which responds to question of When, Where, Why

Literature review which responds to question of When, Why, What, How

Literature review which responds to question of Who, When, What, Why

Literature review which responds to question of When, What, Where, Why

Quota sampling

Snowball sampling

They are all forms of nonrandom sampling

Purposive sampling

Convenience sampling

very high when exposed to the factor

very small when exposed to the factor

the same in the case of exposure in the case of non-exposure

lower in the exposed than in the unexposed, RR being less than 100

qual in the exposed

Quota sampling

Convenience sampling

Purposive sampling

Random sampling

All are corrects

Dental caries, periodontal diseases, full denture, oral surgery

Cancer and neoplastic disease

Systemic disease with intra oral-manifestations, occlusal , other pathÖIogy of teeth and mucosa

Dental caries, periodontal diseases, injuries, Cancer and neoplastic disease

Change in behavior

Comprehensive coverage

Effective use of behavioral theory

Sustained behavior change

Change in belief

Systematic sampling

Simple random sampling

Purposive sampling

Quota sampling

Quota sampling

Convenience sampling

Purposive sampling

Cluster sampling

El Systematic sampling

Simple random sampling

Cluster sampling

Convenience sampling

A value for which half of the values are higher and half of the values are lower

The value located exactly midway between the minimum and maximum of the series

The most commonly encountered values among the series

A measure of the eccentricity of the series

A measure of central tendency

Prevent infection

Prevent disease

Prevent transmission

All are correct

a. and c. above

Equal to the average

A graph or hart

A number

A frequency table

A distribution table

Sample

Population

Statistic

Element

A sample is "a bigger•(but hopefully representative) collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that populatiön"

All are corrects

A sample is "a smaller (but hopefully representative) collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population"

A sample is "a bigger (but hopefully representative) without collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population"

A sample is "a smaller (but hopefully representative) without collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population"

Tp the participant

To his/her family

To society

All are correct

a. and b. above

Cohort

Serial cross-sectional

Mortality

Syndromic

a. and c. above

Cluster sampling

Systematic sampling

Proportional stratified sampling

Simple random sampling

We notice anecdotally or through qualitative research that a particulars subgroup of students is experiencing higher risk

Administrators can help us

We decide to do everyone and go from there

All are correct

Beneficence

Justice

A methodologically sound study design

Informed consent

A small cluster sample

A large sample based on the convenience sampling technique

A large sample based on simple random sampling

A small sample based on simple random sampling

Shows the relationship between a factor assumed to influence the occurrence of disease, and the disease

is the ratio of the risk of disease for those exposed and those not exposed to that risk factor

Cannot be greater than I

is expressed as a percentage

is proportion

Comparative design

Experimental design

Case study design

Longitudinal design

Problem statement, research questions, purposes;-benefits

All are corrects

Conclusions, interpretations, recommendations, Operational definitions and measurement, Research design and methodology, Instrumentation, sampling

Variables and hypotheses, Data analysis

Theory, assumptions, background literature

The stusy events in specified population

The often described as the basic science of public health, and for good reason

All are correct

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states

The application of this study to the control of health problems

Cavitated, filled, non-cavitated lesion, sealed

Cavitated, filled, sealed

Mising teeth,

Fracture teeth

Cavitated, filled, non cavitated lesion, sealed, sound

the null hypothesis HO is rejected if p <0.05

the null hypothesis HO is rejected if p> 0.05

the alternate hypothesis HI is rejected if p> 0.05

the null hypothesis HO is accepted if p <0.05

None of the above answers is correct.

The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods

A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory

The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph

A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data

The mainstay of experimental tnedical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.

These are like surveys, but extend over time. This allows you to study changes and to establish the timesequence in which things occur. Therefore, you can use this to study causes.

This is more practical, but suffers from other disadvantages. It is a "retrospective" study. This means that (like a detective) you begin at the end, with the disease, and then work backwards, to hunt for possible causes.

There is a type of observational study that involves the analysis of data collected from a population, or a representative subset, about the problem at one specific point in time

There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention, but it is often not completely planned by the person doing the research.

Alphanumeric

Numerical

Ordinal

Nominal

Category

Rapidly collected

Use simple case definitions

Provide very precise estimates

All are correct

a. and b. above

A nonrandom sampling method

A snowball sample

A quota sample

An Equal probability selection method

Who is being infected

Where the infected individuals are

How rapidly infection is spreading

All are correct

a. and c. above

There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention, but it is often not Completely planned by the person doing the research.

There are studying about the problem that the problem is that you cannot be sure which came first, so this is a very weak design for drawing conclusions about causes.

These are like surveys, but extend over time. This allows you to study changes and to establish the timesequence in which things occur. Therefore, you can use this to study causes.

The mainstay of experimental medical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.

This is more practical, but suffers from other disadvantages. it is a type of study design used widely, originally developed in epidemiology, although its use has also been advocated for the social

Mean and D. Standard deviation

Median

Variance

Mode

Range

Simple random sampling

One stage cluster sampling

Quota sampling

Two stage cluster sampling