chem o 11

Which tracer can be used to determine ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2?

What percent of total anthropogenic CO2 released is observed in the atmosphere?

Shifting nutrients to deeper part of the ocean would focus more DIC there that lowers [CO32-], _______ sedimentary CaCO3 dissolution and ______ mean ocean alkalinity, drawing down atmospheric CO2

A decrease in the ratio of C/P in organic matter produced in the ocean due to ecological changes in ocean biology would decrease [CO2] regenerated in proportional to P to the deep ocean, _______ deep ocean [CO32-], _______ sedimentary CaCO3 preservation, _______ mean ocean alkalinity and pH and therefore ______ atmospheric PCO2.

Which tracer can be used to determine ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2?

A lower river Ca2+ input to the ocean due to climate change would _______ alkalinity in the ocean. The ocean becomes more ______, therefore _______ atmospheric PCO2.

Which tracer can be used to determine ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2?

Increased eolian Fe input to the ocean would alleviate Fe limitation in the Southern Ocean, _______ nutrient utilization there and therefore ______ performed nutrient and increase regenerated nutrients in the deep ocean which would decrease atmospheric CO2 (see answer for A).

An increase of organic C to CaCO3 ratio in sinking particle flux due to ecological changes in ocean biology would _______ deep ocean [CO32-], ________ sedimentary CaCO3 dissolution, increasing mean ocean alkalinity and therefore ______ atmospheric PCO2

A decrease in mean ocean [DIC] due to an enhanced formation of DOC in the ocean would increase [CO32-], decrease [HCO3-] and _____ pH, but _______ would erase this effect, resulting in _______ in PCO2.

J. A decrease in the ratio of preformed P vs regenerated P in the deep ocean without changing oceanic P inventory would _______ regenerated P content of the deep ocean and _______ [CO2] regenerated in proportional to regenerated P in the deep ocean. This would ________ deep ocean [CO32-], increase sedimentary CaCO3 dissolution, ______ mean ocean alkalinity, pH and therefore ________ atmospheric PCO2

________ ratio of soft tissue organic matter production to CaCO3 production in the surface ocean would deplete more DIC than alkalinity from the surface ocean, resulting in _______ pH and lower atmospheric CO2. The dissolution of this high DIC/alkalinity ratio particles in the deep ocean would dissolve sedimentary CaCO3 and increase mean ocean _______, contributing to lower atmospheric CO2.

Decreased coral reef production would cut down alkalinity sink and increase mean ocean _________, thus ________ atmospheric CO2.

The difference in global terrestrial biosphere sink of anthropogenic CO2 and oceanic sink of anthropogenic CO2 can be identified via:

“Revelle factor” is defined as:

________deep ocean regenerated nutrient concentration during glacial period would remove an amount of DIC proportional to nutrients at Redfield ratio from the surface ocean and inject it into deep ocean, resulting in a depletion of DIC in the surface ocean which draws down atmospheric CO2 to the ocean, and an enrichment of CO2 in the deep ocean which _______ [CO32-], enhances sedimentary CaCO3 dissolution, and ________ mean ocean alkalinity, further drawing down atmospheric CO2.

Anthropogenic CO2 is detected mainly in:

Recent studies suggest that terrestrial biomass is:

The capability of the ocean to take up atmospheric CO2:

K. Ocean uptake of atmospheric anthropogenic CO2 can be estimated by subtracting measured ____ from calculated natural DIC as a function of depth or age along a constant density surface, by calculating the _______ flux across air-sea interface; by accounting for temporal changes of ________ ratio of DIC and CO2 of the atmosphere, and by modeling the penetration of ________ into the thermocline.