chapter 8

1.

1 point

Consumers respond more positively to hamburger advertised as “75 percent lean” than to ground beef described as “25 percent fat.” This illustrates that consumer reactions are influenced by

the availability heuristic.

critical periods.

framing..

confirmation bias.

2.

1 point

In contrast to our explicit conscious reasoning, our seemingly effortless and automatic feelings or thoughts are called

intuitions.

algorithms.

aptitudes

fixations.

3.

1 point

Wording a question or presenting an issue in such a way that it evokes a desired judgment is called

stereotype threat

telegraphic speech.

framing.

belief perseverance.

4.

1 point

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

Cognition

heuristic

algorithm

universal grammar

5.

1 point

An algorithm is a(n)

simple thinking strategy for making decisions quickly and efficiently.

testing method involving trial and error.

methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.

automatic, intuitive judgment.

6.

1 point

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called

confirmation bias.

belief perseverance.

framing.

the availability heuristic.

7.

1 point

A reliance on quick, intuitive judgments is best illustrated by our use of

trial and error.

algorithms

telegraphic speech.

heuristics.

8.

1 point

With which of the following statements will people typically agree most quickly?

A penguin is a bird.

A goose is a bird.

An ostrich is a bird.

A robin is a bird.

9.

1 point

A prototype is a

best example of a particular category

simple thinking strategy for solving problems efficiently.

mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people

step-by-step procedure for solving problems.

10.

1 point

An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called

belief perseverance.

trial and error.

confirmation bias

emotional intelligence

11.

1 point

A fixation is most likely to inhibit

creativity

belief perseverance

confirmation bias.

overconfidence

12.

1 point

Han overestimates the number of family chores he does because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of

framing.

the availability heuristic.

confirmation bias.

overconfidence.

13.

1 point

When Larina started college, she was certain that she would never smoke marijuana. By the end of her freshman year, however, Larina had used this drug several times. Larina's experience best illustrates

overconfidence.

the availability heuristic

confirmation bias

framing.

14.

1 point

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people is a(n)

heuristic

concept.

algorithm

prototype