Ch 9 and 10 Vocab Test

Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies), lasting from 431 to 404 b.c.e. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens’s Golden Age.

Dynasty marked by rapid population growth, urbanization, economic specialization, the development of an immense network of internal waterways, and a great increase in industrial production and innovation

Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557–530 b.c.e.); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation.

The surviving eastern Roman Empire during the medieval centuries is called the

Branch of Christianity that developed in the what became the Byzantine part of the Roman Empire

The first ruling dynasty to bring a measure of political unity to the Korean peninsula (688–900)

Byzantine emperor (r. 527–565 c.e.), noted for his short-lived reconquest of much of the former western Roman Empire and for his codification of Roman law.

Grand prince of Kiev (r. 978–1015 c.e.) whose conversion to Orthodox Christianity led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy.

A term used to describe members of China’s land owning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials.

A famous Muslim traveler who visited much of the Islamic world in the fourteenth century and wrote a major account of what he saw.

The “land between the rivers” of the Tigris and Euphrates, in what is now Iraq.

A remission of the penalty (penance) for confessed sin that could be granted only by a pope, at first to Crusaders and later for a variety of reasons.

Members of Japan’s warrior class, which developed as political power became increasingly decentralized.

conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India.

The “way of the warrior”

An association formed by people pursuing the same line of work that regulated their professions; it also provided a social and religious network for members.

A political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment

A culturally diverse region that included Vikings as well as Finnic and Baltic peoples.

Great king of Persia (r. 522–486 b.c.e) who completed the establishment of the Persian Empire.

New capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire

Ruler of the Carolingian Empire (r. 768–814) who staged an imperial revival in Western Europe

In Indian social practice, the idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods.

The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 b.c.e.–14 c.e.).

Ruling dynasty of China (581–618) that effectively reunited the country after several centuries of political fragmentation.

Ninth-century Byzantine missionaries to the Slavs whose development of Cyrillic script made it possible to write Slavic languages.

The destruction of holy images

Scandinavian raiders who had an impact on much of Western Europe in the late eighth to eleventh centuries

Modern term meaning “ventures of the cross,” used to describe the “holy wars” waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until the end of the Middle Ages and beyond;

Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and peoples that assumed the subordination of all non-Chinese authorities and required a payment of value

Western European branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as separate from Byzantine branch, with a major break in 1054 c.e