Test 4

1.

1 point

What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person contracts a disease

innate immunity

artificially acquired passive immunity

naturally acquired passive immunity

naturally acquired active immunity

artificially acquired active immunity

2.

1 point

Which of the following is an example of a type I hypersensitivity reaction

deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli of the kidneys

the tuberculin response

inflammation of the skin called urticaria

destruction of red blood cells after an incompatible blood transfusion

3.

1 point

If circulating immune complexes are deposited in the glomeruli, the ensuing type III hypersensitivity reaction can result in

pneumonitis

kidney damage

allergic contact dermatitis.

multiple sclerosis

4.

1 point

Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE

T lymphocytes are called such because they mature in the thymus.

T lymphocytes produce antibody molecules

T lymphocytes have TCRs that recognize antigen only if it is bound to MHC.

There are three types of T lymphocytes.

T lymphocytes directly attack infected cells and produce the cell-mediated immune response

5.

1 point

Almost a century after Edward Jenner introduced successful vaccination, Louis Pasteur developed vaccine(s) against

anthrax

both anthrax and rabies.

rabies

influenza.

6.

1 point

Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission

tick transmission of Rickettsia

tsetse fly transmission of Trypanosoma

cockroach transmission of Shigella

mosquito transmission of Plasmodium

flea transmission of Yersinia

7.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT considered a hypersensitivity reaction?

itchy eyes and a runny nose in a dusty environment

dermatitis at the site of a metal watchband

a rash caused by poison ivy

immune system attack on the thyroid gland

8.

1 point

Which of the following statements regarding an inactivated vaccine is FALSE?

It is made from mutated forms of the pathogen

Often require multiple doses to achieve full immunity.

It can be produced with deactivated whole microorganisms

It can be produced from antigenic fragments of a pathogen

9.

1 point

Major histocompatibility antigens are

not really antigens, but rather antibodies produced to mask foreign antigens

antigens attached to foreign invaders

antigens that must be processed by cells called histiocytes in order to be recognized by the immune system

antigens that provoke allergic reactions

glycoproteins found in the cytoplasmic membranes of most vertebrate animal cells that serve as ID markers

10.

1 point

Mucous membranes are quite thin and fragile. How can such delicate tissue provide defense against microbial invaders

the mucus physically traps microbes, contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals, and is shed constantly, along with the outermost layer of cells.

the mucus is a physical trap that contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals

the mucus contains a variety of antimicrobial chemicals and molecules

the mucus secreted by the mucous membrane physically traps microbes.

oth the mucus and the outer layer of cells are shed frequently

11.

1 point

The bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled from the lungs by a cough and travel more than 1 meter remaining viable in the air for an hour or more. If a person inhales the bacteria from the air, what type of transmission has occurred?

waterborne

airborne

indirect contact

bodily fluid

foodborne

12.

1 point

Which of the following statements concerning specific immunity is FALSE

It is the third line of defense

It changes little with repeated exposure to the same pathogen.

It has memory

It is the body's ability to respond to specific invading pathogens

It is acquired

13.

1 point

Which of the following immunoglobulins is produced by plasma cells in response to an allergen

IgE

IgG

IgA

IgM

14.

1 point

A small amount of antigen is injected under the skin of a patient. After 30 minutes there is no apparent change at the injection site, but 24 hours later the patient reports that the area is red and swollen. This type of response is due to

type II hypersensitivity

type I hypersensitivity

type III hypersensitivity

type IV hypersensitivity.

15.

1 point

In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease

A person receives an injection with a contaminated needle.

A person is bitten by a mosquito that carries the malaria parasite

A pathogen is introduced into the body when the person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears

a pathogen crosses from the mother to the fetus by way of the placenta.

16.

1 point

Primary immunodeficiency diseases

are detectable close to birth

develop later in life

are never associated with genetic defects.

may be caused by malnutrition

17.

1 point

Antigens are

enzymes secreted to destroy a pathogen's cell wall.

cells that protect the body against invaders

proteins the body produces against invading substances

proteins on the surface of our cells to which pathogens attach

specific molecules, or parts of molecules, that the body recognizes as foreign.

18.

1 point

Type I diabetes is a(n)

immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity disorder.

autoimmune disease

immunodeficiency disease

delayed hypersensitivity disorder

19.

1 point

Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is TRUE

They live for many years and function as memory cells

They can produce large quantities of antibodies on a daily basis

They are descended from activated T cells

They secrete a variety of antibody molecules specific for multiple epitopes

20.

1 point

Which of the following is the best definition of "microbial antagonism

the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body

the presence of resident bacteria on the surface of the body and in cavities that connect to the surface

the presence of pathogens on the surface of the skin, which will invade the body through abrasions

the ability of microbiota to mutate into pathogens

the presence of normal microbiota that can become pathogens under certain conditions

21.

1 point

The first and second lines of defense against microbial invasion are part of

innate immunity.

adaptive immunity.

microbial antagonism

both species resistance and adaptive immunity

species resistance

22.

1 point

Which of the following does NOT describe an exotoxin

no fever produced

protein or short peptide

high toxicity

only found in Gram-negative bacteria

23.

1 point

An opportunistic pathogen is best described as

a microorganism that remains with the person throughout life

any microorganism that causes disease.

an organism that remains in the body for a short time.

a source of microbial contamination

a normal microorganism that may cause a disease under certain circumstances.

24.

1 point

Cell-mediated responses fight these intracellular pathogens

virus-infected cells

cancer cells

intracellular protozoa like Plasmodium that causes malaria

intracellular bacteria like Rickettsias

All of these are correct

25.

1 point

Mutualism is a relationship

that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live without the other

where one member of the relationship may kill the other.

where one member of the relationship benefits without hurting the other.

where only one member derives benefit from the other.

26.

1 point

How is hemolytic disease of the newborn prevented

immunizing a woman against Rh factor prior to pregnancy

treating with glucocorticoids throughout pregnancy

administering anti-IgG antibodies during pregnancy

administering anti-Rh IgG late in pregnancy and after pregnancy ends

27.

1 point

Which of the following antibodies is usually associated with allergic reactions

IgD

IgG

IgA

IgE

IgM

28.

1 point

Which of the following could result in hemolytic disease of the newborn

Rh-positive mother and Rh-negative father

Rh-negative mother and Rh-negative father

Rh-negative mother and Rh-positive father

Rh-positive mother and Rh-positive father

29.

1 point

For B Lymphocytes, which of the following is FALSE?

produce memory cells

plasma cells are activated B cells that produce antibodies

each B cell has BCR that recognizes only 1 epitope

fight intracellular pathogens

30.

1 point

Response to specific pathogens that can improve with subsequent exposure is

the first line of defense

microbial antagonism

innate immunity

the third line of defense

the second line of defense.

31.

1 point

Which of the following descriptions of the Lymphatic System is FALSE

screens for antigens

primary lyphoid organs include lymph nodes

lymph has similar composition to blood plasma

provides a one-way trip from the extremities back to the heart

32.

1 point

Which of the following is the correct sequence of a disease process

illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, declin

prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

33.

1 point

Variolation was first used

to protect individuals against the plague during the Middle Ages

to immunize the Chinese against smallpox

for research purposes in the 20th century

to spread smallpox throughout the Native American populations

34.

1 point

Which of the following is an example of a Secondary Lymphatic organ

tonsils

appendix

GALT

MALT

all of these

35.

1 point

Hypotheses explaining the development of autoimmune disease include

hormonal stimulation of cytotoxic T cells.

genetic factors

molecular mimicry

molecular mimicry, genetic factors, and hormonal stimulation of cytotoxic T cells

36.

1 point

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

NK lymphocytes and neutrophils

macrophages and neutrophils.

neutrophils and dendritic cells

macrophages and eosinophils.

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.

37.

1 point

A strain of Neisseria gonorrhea has a mutation that has caused it to lose the ability to produce ligands and has become avirulent as a consequence. What function has this pathogen lost

the ability to establish a latent infection

the ability to move from one location in the body to another

the ability to prevent phagocytes killing it

the ability to produce an endotoxin

the ability to adhere to cells of the body

38.

1 point

Which of the following is MISMATCHED

acute inflammation -- long-lasting condition

Complement -- activation results in lysis of virally infected cells

Toll like receptors (TLRs) -- bind PAMPs on phagocytic cells

Interferon -- nonspecifically inhibit spread of viral infectionsv

39.

1 point

Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as ________

allergic

third-degree immune

primary immune

secondary immune response and are basis for vaccination

40.

1 point

A nosocomial disease is a disease acquired

by eating contaminated food.

by using a contaminated needle.

in a health care facility

by having unprotected sexual intercourse

by being bitten by an infected insect.

41.

1 point

Which of the following cells increase in number during a helminth infection

basophils

eosinophils

neutrophils

lymphocytes

macrophages

42.

1 point

Fever is beneficial during viral infection because the higher temperature

denatures viral proteins

the tuberculin response

prevents viral infection of fibroblastssweat

increases vasodilation, bringing more leukocytes to the site of infection

increases the effectiveness of interferons

43.

1 point

Which of the following is MISMATCHED?

Granulocytes -- lymphocytes

Neutrophils -- phagocytize pathogens

Monocytes -- macrophages in tissues

Platelets -- clotting

Erythrocytes -- carry O2 and CO2 in blood

44.

1 point

The most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is

IgG

IgA

IgD

IgE

IgM

45.

1 point

What is the correct order of the 6 stages of Phagocytosis

Maturation, Ingestion, Adherence, Chemotaxis, Killing, Elimination

Adherence, Chemotaxis, Maturation, Ingestion, Killing, Elimination

Chemotaxis, Adherence, Ingestion, Maturation, Killing, Elimination

Ingestion, Adherence, Chemotaxis, Maturation, Killing, Elimination

46.

1 point

A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These virus infections have different treatment options, so the physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti-influenza antibodies are primarily IgM, and anti-RSV antibodies are all IgA and IgG. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation

the child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections.

the child has a current RSV infection and was previously exposed to influenza

the results do not provide sufficient data to draw a conclusion.

the child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV.

the child has neither influenza nor RSV

47.

1 point

Which of the following is a sign of disease

dizziness

cramps

nausea

fever

headache

48.

1 point

What type of vaccine is the hepatitis B vaccine?

toxoid vaccine

a recombinant vaccine composed of a single antigen of the hepatitis virus

attenuated vaccine

inactivated whole pathogen

49.

1 point

Passive immunotherapy (i.e. the use of Gamma Globulin vaccine) is used when

the microorganism can be genetically manipulated

against a recent infection or disease is needed immediately

the pathogen does not produce a toxin

the attenuated live vaccine is too difficult to produce