Test 1

1.

1 point

Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis and exocytosis is TRUE?

These processes occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Waste products and secretions are exported from the cell during endocytosis.

Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which liquids are brought into the cell.

Endocytosis is a form of passive transport, whereas exocytosis is a form of active transport.

Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle.

2.

1 point

The study of the body's defenses against pathogens is called

chemotherapy.

etiology

molecular biology.

epidemiology.

immunology

3.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

they are acellular.

they are obligatory parasites.

they are composed of genetic material and protein.

they are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

they are visible with a light microscope.

4.

1 point

Which of the following statements concerning pili is FALSE?

Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella.

A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili.

Pili facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells.

Pili are long, hollow tubules.

Not all bacteria have pili.

5.

1 point

Inserting a gene from the hepatitis B virus into yeast so that the yeast produces a viral protein is an example of

etiology

immunology

microbial genetics.

genetic engineering.

gene therapy.

6.

1 point

The microscope preferred for viewing living specimens is the ________ microscope.

bright-field

scanning electron

scanning tunneling

transmission electron

phase-contrast

7.

1 point

Which of the following functions of carbohydrates in cells is INCORRECTLY matched?

starch or glycogen: long-term storage

carbohydrate polymers: form cell walls

starch or glycogen: long-term storage

monosaccharides: energy source for cells

ribose: cytoskeleton of bacterial cells

8.

1 point

Paul Ehrlich used chemotherapy to treat

syphilis

smallpox

cancer

cholera

anthrax

9.

1 point

In the Gram stain procedure, iodine serves as a

mordant

decolorizing agent.

counterstain

fixative

primary stain.

10.

1 point

Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?

N-acetylglucosamine

lipoteichoic acid

peptidoglycan

mycolic acid

endotoxin

11.

1 point

All of the following are common to both the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain EXCEPT

primary stain.

counterstain.

a decolorizing agent and a counterstain.

a decolorizing agent.

a chemical mordant.

12.

1 point

Lipid A is a component of

lipopolysaccharides

mycolic acid.

cytoplasmic membranes.

plant cell walls.

bacterial glycocalyces.

13.

1 point

Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of

responsiveness

cellular structure.

reproduction

growth

metabolism

14.

1 point

What is the correct order for the application of Koch's postulates?
I. Inoculate
II. Isolate
III. Find
IV. Recover

IV, I, II, III

I, II, III, IV

IV, I, III, II

III, II, I, IV

III, I, IV, II

15.

1 point

Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called

fimbriae

pili

flagella

pseudopodia

cilia

16.

1 point

Pasteur's experiments on fermentation laid the foundation for

abiogenesis

immunology

industrial microbiology.

antisepsis

epidemiology

17.

1 point

The ________ stain makes use of malachite green.

negative

endospore

acid-fast

electron microscopy

flagellar

18.

1 point

Parasitic worms, even meters-long tapeworms, are studied in microbiology because

the Gram stain can be used to identify them.

diagnosis usually involves microscopic examination of patient samples.

Leeuwenhoek first discovered them.

no one else wants to study them.

they are parasites.

19.

1 point

The cytoplasmic membranes of ________ contain phospholipids and proteins.

archaeal cells

archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic cells

both bacterial and eukaryotic cells

eukaryotic cells

bacterial cells

20.

1 point

You are shown a micrograph from a light microscope in which the specimens appear bright compared to the background. The micrograph is probably from a(n) ________ microscope.

dark-field

atomic force

bright-field

Nomarski

phase-contrast

21.

1 point

John Snow's research during a cholera outbreak in London laid the foundation for which of the following branches of microbiology?

epidemiology only

infection control only

infection control, epidemiology, and immunology

both infection control and epidemiology

immunology only

22.

1 point

ATP is expended in which of the following processes?

active transport

facilitated diffusion

diffusion

group translocation

both active transport and group translocation

23.

1 point

A bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of

negative phototaxis.

tumbles

positive chemotaxis.

negative chemotaxis.

positive phototaxis.

24.

1 point

Carl Woese proposed the concept of the domain based on differences of which of the following cellular molecules?

transfer RNA

membrane lipids

ribosomal RNA

DNA

proteins

25.

1 point

What must one have before designing and conducting experiments?

a hypothesis

a complete set of data

scientific law

a theory

popular opinion

26.

1 point

The cells illustrated in Figure 3-1 are in a(n) ________ environment

fluid mosaic

hypertonic

isotonic

hypotonic

passive

27.

1 point

Bacteria and many other microbes do not ________ and therefore do not fit Linneaus' definition species.

reproduce sexually

have cytoplasmic membranes

exchange genetic material

reproduce asexually

have nuclei

28.

1 point

All of the following individuals were involved in improving public health in the 19th century EXCEPT

Nightingale

Snow.

Semmelweis.

Lister

Spallanzani.

29.

1 point

All of the following were involved in developing the germ theory of disease EXCEPT

Fracastoro

Pasteur

Pauling

Koch

Snow

30.

1 point

Robert Koch was involved in research on all of the following topics EXCEPT

the cause of anthrax.

the cause of tuberculosis.

techniques for isolating microbes in the laboratory.

development of a method to determine the cause of an infectious disease.

the cause of fermentation.

31.

1 point

Protein synthesis occurs in the

cytoskeleton

ribosome

periplasmic space.

inclusion

nucleus

32.

1 point

Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms?

glycocalyces

flagella

fimbriae

pili

both fimbriae and glycocalyces

33.

1 point

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa?

they are all photosynthetic.

they are single-celled organisms.

they are eukaryotic organisms.

most exhibit asexual reproduction.

they frequently possess cilia or flagella.

34.

1 point

The Gram stain works because of differences in the ________ of bacteria.

genetic characteristics

cell walls

capsules

antigens

cell membranes

35.

1 point

Which of the following classification methods relies on the morphology of organisms?

serological tests

analysis of nucleic acids

phage typing

physical (phenotypic) characteristics

biochemical tests

36.

1 point

Which of the following have a periplasmic space?

Gram-positive bacteria only

Gram-negative bacteria only

eukaryotes

both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

archaea

37.

1 point

Heat is used to drive the stain into cells in the ________ staining procedure(s).

both acid-fast and endospore stains

capsule stain

Gram stain

acid-fast stain

endospore stain

38.

1 point

Viruses are not included in the taxonomic scheme proposed by Carl Woese because they lack

lipid membranes.

proteins

genetic material.

cytoplasm

ribosomal RNA.

39.

1 point

Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by

all prokaryotes.

bacteria

eukaryotes

nothing; no cells use both processes.

archaea

40.

1 point

A thin film of microbes on a slide is

agglutination.

a Gram reaction.

fixation

a biopsy.

a smear.

41.

1 point

Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called

prokaryotes

eukaryotes.

viruses

pathogens

fungi

42.

1 point

Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the ________ for placement in one of two large groups of bacteria.

Pasteur fermentation test

Gram stain

Ehrlich magic test

Petri stain

Koch's stain

43.

1 point

The microbes commonly known as ________ are single-celled eukaryotes that are generally motile.

protozoa

viruses

fungi

archaea

bacteria

44.

1 point

The term ________ refers to an infection acquired in a health care setting

abiogenesis

bioremediation

spontaneous generation

nosocomial

archaea

45.

1 point

Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?

puerperal fever

syphilis

cholera

anthrax

smallpox

46.

1 point

The rules of naming organisms are called

binomials

identification

taxonomy

nomenclature

classification

47.

1 point

If a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure, what would be the result?

Gram-positive cells would be colorless and Gram-negative cells would be pink.

Gram-positive cells would be pink and Gram-negative cells would be purple.

All cells would be pink.

All cells would be purple.

Gram-positive cells would be purple and Gram-negative cells would be colorless.

48.

1 point

Cell walls composed of polysaccharide are found in

bacteria only.

archaea and eukaryotes only.

archaea only.

archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.

eukaryotes only.

49.

1 point

Cytoplasmic membranes of ________ are composed of phospholipids

eukaryotes

bacteria and eukaryotes

archaea

prokaryotes

bacteria

50.

1 point

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to

use the germ theory of disease.

use a magnifying glass.

disprove spontaneous generation.

develop a taxonomic system.

view microorganisms and record these observations.