Quiz 2

1.

1 point

Problem may have occurred, testing for it e.g. diabetes screenings

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

2.

1 point

What are some positives to participatory research? (Select all that apply)

Insider knowledge

Not time consuming

Outside perspective

Low levels of bias

Cost-effective

3.

1 point

The # of new cases of a disease in an at risk population during a time interval
is the _____ rate.

4.

1 point

A group wants to know about barriers to getting into a program to quit smoking, this is an example of:

Formative

Processes

Outcomes

5.

1 point

Which of the following factors pertain to the host factor? Choose all that are correct.

Humidity

Marital status

Age

Gender

Lack of exercise

Housing

Previous diseases

6.

1 point

Identify the three types of observational designs:

Case control

Community trial

Case cohort

Survey data

Cohort

Randomized controlled trials

7.

1 point

Which of the following are true about Positive Predictive Value (PPV)? (Select all that apply)

It increases as more high-risk patients are screened

It decreases as more high-risk patients are screened

It specifies the reliability and accuracy of screenings

8.

1 point

Problem has occurred, try to stop or reverse damage e.g. dialysis

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

9.

1 point

Not clinically detectable, no known symptoms (HIV)

Clinical

Preclinical

Subclinical

10.

1 point

Ability to identify those who don’t have a disease

Sensitivity

Specificity

11.

1 point

Global issue

Endimic

Epidempic

Pandemic

12.

1 point

Intended to gather additional safety and effectiveness data to evaluate overall benefit-risk

Phase I of clinical trials

Phase II of clinical trials

Phase III of clinical trials

Phase IV of clinical trials

13.

1 point

What are the three points of the epidemiology triangle?

Host, agent, and environment

Disease, agent, condition

Body, illness, factors

Individual, germ, status

14.

1 point

Estimate of relative risk (e.g., case control study)

Odds ratio

Relative risk

15.

1 point

What type of measurement scale is used in the following survey question:

How would you rank your commitment to this project?
Very poor, poor, average, strong, very strong

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval

Ratio

16.

1 point

The agent point of the epidemiological triangle focuses on ____ factors.

Viruses

Crowding

Tobacco use

Humidity

Previous diseases

Lack of exercise

Gender

17.

1 point

Case control designs are ____.

Prospective

Retrospective

18.

1 point

What is the difference between the cause-specific death rate for breast cancer and the case-fatality rate for breast cancer?

The cause-specific death rate is the number of dying breast cancer patients over the total number of breast cancer patients. The case-fatality rate is the number of deaths from breast cancer over the entire population.

The cause-specific death rate is the number of deaths from breast cancer over the entire population. The case-fatality rate is the number of dying breast cancer patients over the total number of breast cancer patients.

19.

1 point

If RR=1 there is...

Risk in exposed

No association

Risk in non-exposed

20.

1 point

Ability to identify those who have the disease

Specificity

Sensitivity

21.

1 point

The environment point of the epidemiological triangle focuses on ____ factors.

Crowding

Housing

Gender

Lack of exercise

Age

Previous diseases

Humidity

22.

1 point

Conducted after approval is given to obtain additional information about the drug in the general public. Usually focuses on long-term use.

Phase I of clinical trials

Phase II of clinical trials

Phase III of clinical trials

Phase IV of clinical trials

23.

1 point

Type II errors are a result of a false ____.

Positive

Negative

24.

1 point

Type I errors are a result of a false ____.

Positive

Negative

25.

1 point

What type of experiment is described in the following scenario:
Sample group of 9 year olds> collect smoking status at age 25> assess individuals for COPD at age 65

Cohort; retrospective

Cohort; prospective

Case-control; retrospective

Case-control; prospective

26.

1 point

What type of measurement scale is used in the following survey question:

What is your income?

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval

Ratio

27.

1 point

I evaluate patient no-shows among those who received an appointment reminder phone call to those who did not. This is an example of which methodological design:

Non-experimental

Experimental

Quasi-experimental

28.

1 point

If RR>1 there is...

Risk in non-exposed

Risk in exposed

No association

29.

1 point

Consistently prevalent, like malaria

Endimic

Epidempic

Pandemic

30.

1 point

What type of measurement scale is used in the following survey question:

What is your wealth?

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval

Ratio

31.

1 point

The environment point of the epidemiological triangle focuses on ____ factors.

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

32.

1 point

Designed to determine the metabolic and pharmacological action, side effects and if possible, gain early evidence on effectiveness

Phase I of clinical trials

Phase II of clinical trials

Phase III of clinical trials

Phase IV of clinical trials

33.

1 point

Outbreak among population, spike in incidence rate

Endimic

Epidempic

Pandemic

34.

1 point

Which of the following statements is true about descriptive epidemiology?

A response to a study's hypothesis

Focuses on distribution/frequency of health events

Focuses on causes and risk factors of disease

Focuses on determinants of health

35.

1 point

Obtain preliminary data on the effectiveness of the drug and determine the short-term side effects and risks associated with the drug

Phase I of clinical trials

Phase II of clinical trials

Phase III of clinical trials

Phase IV of clinical trials

36.

1 point

A chronic disease is most likely to be:

Low incidence, high prevalence

High incidence, low prevalence

High incidence, high prevalence

37.

1 point

Change in health status is an example of a ____ outcome

Initial

Long-term

Intermediate

38.

1 point

Somebody who is a carrier

Clinical

Preclinical

Subclinical

39.

1 point

Cohort designs are ____.

Prospective

Retrospective

40.

1 point

Identify the two types of experimental designs:

Case control

Survey data

Randomized controlled trials

Cohort

Community trial

Case cohort

41.

1 point

What is likely to be higher for breast cancer patients?

The case-fatality rate

The cause-specific death rate

42.

1 point

____ research is the systematic estimation of the effects of interventions to determine if changes achieve their intended outcomes.

43.

1 point

The proportion of population with a disease is called the ____ rate.

44.

1 point

A group wants to know about the costs of a program to quit smoking compared to the effectiveness of the program, this is an example of:

Outcomes

Formative Process Outcomes Formative

Process

45.

1 point

Which of the following statements is true about analytical epidemiology?

Focuses on the frequency of health events

By person, time, and place

Focuses on distribution of disease

Focuses on determinants, causes, and risk factors

46.

1 point

___ refers to the individuals selected for an experiment, while ___ refers to how they are assigned in groups

Randomization; random sampling

Random sampling; randomization

47.

1 point

The host point of the epidemiological triangle focuses on ____ factors.

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

48.

1 point

What measure would be better to assess a population's chronic disease population?

The prevalence rate

The incidence rate

49.

1 point

A group wants to know about the costs of a program to quit smoking, this is an example of:

Processes

Outcomes

Formative

50.

1 point

Describes the risk in exposed/risk in non-exposed. Requires incidence exposed/non-exposed

Relative risk

Odds ratio