Ethics Chapter 3 - Justice and Law

1.

1 point

According to Beccaria's and Bentham's utiitarian rationale, punishment should be based on:

the character of the victim

the concept of mercy

the seriousness of the crime

the social status of the perpetrator

2.

1 point

Procedural justice necessarily produces substantive justice.

True

False

3.

1 point

The concept of hendonistic calculus is associated with:

Beccaria

Bentham

Hirschi

Sutherland

4.

1 point

____________ theories of distribution justice attempt to maximize benefits for individuals and society in a mixed emphasis on entitlements and needs.

Libertarian

Utilitarian

Egalitarian

Marxist

5.

1 point

"An eye for and eye" and "a tooth for a tooth" are examples of:

lex talionis

lex salica

lex rasa

lex mala

6.

1 point

Boss described unjust laws as having several characteristics. which of the following is NOT one of these characteristics?

they are degrading to humans

they are discriminatory against certain groups

they are universal

they are unjustly applied

7.

1 point

Procedural protections that are part of due process include all of the following except:

Right to appeal

Right to the statement of findings

Right to restart proceedings

Right to a neutral hearing body

8.

1 point

Sanctuary allowed offenders to escape punishment as long as they were members of the clergy.

True

False

9.

1 point

Retributive justice is best described by what term?

Balance

Deterrence

Compensation

Rehabilitation

10.

1 point

Hallmarks of community justice models include the following except:

the process of justice employs local leadership, is informal, and invites participation from community members

The goal is to repair the harm done to a community member by another community member in a way that will restore the health of the community relationship

The authority of justice giver is through the customs and traditions accepted by all members

The punishment imposed by the community should be equal or greater severity than the crime itself

11.

1 point

The type of justice that looks to the greatest good for all as the end is called:

utilitarian justice

restorative justice

compensatory justice

egalitarian justice

12.

1 point

The voluntary breaking of established laws based on one's moral belief is called:

due process

moral exception

ethical justice

civil disobedience

13.

1 point

Rawl's veil of ignorance states that:

Welfare should be given to the least disadvantaged in our society

one must be ignorant of their own position in society in order to make just decisions

Ignorance results in unfairness

because we are ignorant of God's plan, equal distribution is the most just

14.

1 point

The goals of community reparative boards include all the following except:

promote citizen ownership of process

provide and opportunity for the offender to take personal responsibility

provide opportunity for the victims and community members to confront offenders in a constructive manner

provide an opportunity for the victim and offender to reach and agreement as to punishment or payment

15.

1 point

Which of the following is not an aspect of Rawl's theory of justice?

Utilitarian priniciples

Concern for rights

Freedom from government interference

Concern for the least advantaged members of society

16.

1 point

Which ethical system is most consistent with a Marxist theory of distribution?

Ethics of virtue

Ethical formalism

Ethics of care

Utilitarianism

17.

1 point

The roots of restorative justice can be found as far back as:

Mayan and Aztec law

Chinese law

Roman and Grecian law

Common law

18.

1 point

which type of justice is most closely associated with discussions of criminal law?

communicative

corrective

utilitarianism

distributive

19.

1 point

An ancient right based church power which allowed a person to respite from punishment as long as he or she was within confines of church grounds is called:

refuge

sanctuary

asylum

haven

20.

1 point

Which of the following statements is false?

The ethics of care is consistent with a Marxist theory of justice

Utilitarian theories try to maximize societal good, thus some balance of need and merit would be necessary to provide the incentive to produce

Ethical formalism is concerned solely with rights, thus, issues of society good may not be as important

Rawl's theory is solely Kantian because it demands a basic level of individual rights

21.

1 point

while__________ justice involves the concept of just deserts, _________ justice concerns the steps we must take before administering punishment.

Procedural; Substantive

Substantive; Distributive

Substantive; Procedural

Procedural; Distributive

22.

1 point

Substantive justice an procedural justice are components of:

Distributive justice

Corrective justice

Punitive justice

Rectificatory justice

23.

1 point

______________ is and approach to corrective justice that focuses on meeting the need of all concerned/

Distributive justice

Restorative justice

Civil Justice

Utilitarian justice

24.

1 point

Rawl's theory of justice is consistent with rights-based theories of justice

True

False

25.

1 point

Which theory of distribute justice places need above desert or entitlement?

Libertarian

Utilitarian

Egalitarian

Marxist

26.

1 point

Deterrence is the central theme of what theory of corrective justice?

utilitarian

retributive

substantive

compensatory