Functional Biology Final Exam Part3

1.

1 point

Transcriptional activators bind to __________ to __________ transcription.

enhancers; stop

enhancers; begin

silencers; stop

silencers; begin

2.

1 point

Which of the following structures allow ions to pass between cells to coordinate cardiac muscle contractions?

Desmosomes

Tight junctions

Gap junctions

Plasmodesma

3.

1 point

Which of the following is the function of nucleosomes?

Nucleosomes process mRNA.

Nucleosomes bind to miRNA in RNA interference.

Nucleosomes bind to silencers to stop transcription.

Nucleosomes are important in the organization and the compaction of DNA.

4.

1 point

Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific base sequences (recognition sites) are __________.

restriction endonuclease

plasmids

vectors

ligases

5.

1 point

Regulatory transcription factors such as enhancers are binding sites for _______ that regulate transcription, whereas silencers are binding sites for _____________ that regulate transcription.

activators; promoters

promoters; repressors

activators; repressors

silencers; suppressors

6.

1 point

What causes turgor pressure in plant cells?

Absorption of water by pectins

Osmosis of water out of the plant cell as a result of the higher concentration of solutes outside the cell

Osmosis of water into the plant cell as a result of the higher concentration of solutes inside the cell

Sliding of cellulose fibrils in the matrix past one another

7.

1 point

Which of the following genes are important in the inhibition of cell division?

Operons

Nucleosomes

Tumor suppressor genes

Proto-oncogenes

8.

1 point

Plasmodesmata is a structure in which of the following types of cell?

Bacterial cells

Prokaryotic cells

Plant cells

Animal cells

9.

1 point

Which of the following statements about the p53 protein (a tumor suppressor) is true?

It is a transcription factor that prevents initiation of transcription.

It activates genes that induce apoptosis in cells with extensively damaged DNA

It binds to damaged DNA and repairs it before allowing transcription to proceed.

It ensures cell-cycle progression when DNA is damaged.

10.

1 point

What is the correct order for the three steps in signal transduction?

Reception, transduction, and response

Response, transduction, and reception

Reception, response, and transduction

Transduction, response, and reception

11.

1 point

Which of the following is the tightly coiled DNA-protein complex?

Chromatin

Promoter

TATA box

Enhancers

12.

1 point

Integrins are transmembrane proteins that connect the __________ outside the animal cell to the __________ inside the animal cell.

cellulose; lignin

extracellular membrane; actin cytoskeleton

cell wall; plasma membrane

plasma membrane; nuclear membrane

13.

1 point

Which of the following is a technique for identifying individuals based on the unique features of their genomes?

Biotechnology

DNA fingerprinting

Genomics

Recombinant DNA technology

14.

1 point

Microfibrils and pectins are associated with which of the following?

The secondary cell wall

The primary cell wall

The extracellular matrix

Gap junctions

15.

1 point

The enzyme __________ catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template. DNA that is produced from RNA is called __________.

reverse transcriptase; complementary DNA

ligase; cDNA

RNA polymerase; cDNA

ligase; mRNA

16.

1 point

Which of the following is the correct order for one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Denature DNA, add fresh enzyme, anneal primers, add dNTPs, extend primers

Add fresh enzyme, denature DNA, anneal primers, add dNTPs, extend primers

Denature DNA, anneal primers, extend primers

Anneal primers, denature DNA, extend primers

17.

1 point

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane provides structural support.

The plasma membrane forms a seal between cells.

The plasma membrane binds to other proteins in the immune response.

The plasma membrane separates the cell’s contents from the environment

18.

1 point

Which of the following structures seals cells together?

Desmosomes

Tight junctions

Gap junctions

Plasmodesma

19.

1 point

Proteins that stop or slow the cell cycle when conditions are unfavorable for cell division are called ________.

Oncogene

proto-oncogenes

first cancer genes

tumor suppressors

20.

1 point

Regulatory sequences that are found thousands of base pairs downstream from the promoter and activate transcription are termed ________.

TATA box enhancers B

transcriptional activators

enhancers

TBPs

21.

1 point

The movement of DNA from one species to another is __________.

parasitic gene transfer

horizontal gene transfer

vertical gene transfer

lateral gene transfer

22.

1 point

Forming specialized cell types and arranging them into tissues best describes which of the following processes?

parasitic gene transfer

horizontal gene transfer

vertical gene transfer

lateral gene transfer

23.

1 point

Which of the following molecules or cell structures are most easily shared by adjacent plant or animal cells?

ions

proteins

mitochondria

DNA

24.

1 point

If two cells are connected by the cytoskeleton, which of the following structures would the cells have?

Desmosomes

Tight junctions

Gap junctions

Plasmodesma

25.

1 point

Which of the following best describes the processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs in the proper order?

The addition of a poly(A) tail; removal of introns; RNA polymerase termination

The addition of a poly(A) tail; addition of a 5′ cap; RNA polymerase termination

The addition of a 5′ cap; removal of introns; Poly (A) tail

The addition of a 5′ cap; removal of introns; RNA polymerase termination

26.

1 point

Which of the following processes explains why one DNA sequence can express different protein products?

RNA interference

Alternative RNA splicing

General transcription factors interacting with specific promoters

Mediators producing a bridge between specific introns in the DNA and RNA polymerase II